Humanities

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Usawiri wa Motifu za Kimazingira Katika Tamthilia ya Kiswahili: Tathmini ya Majira ya Utasa (Arege, 2015)
(East African Nature & Science Organization (EANSO), 2022-06-10) Njeru, Mary K.; Kobia, John M.; Musyimi, Dorcas M.
Mkakati Wa Uhalalishaji wa Kimamlaka katika Hotuba Teule za Marais wa Tanzania katika Vikao vya Pamoja vya Mabunge ya Kitaifa, Kenya
(East African Nature & Science Organization (EANSO), 2025-09-05) Dimbu, Sammy; Kobia, John; Kanyua, Mary
Makala hii ilihusu uhalalishaji wa kimamlaka katika hotuba teule za Marais wa Tanzania katika vikao vya pamoja vya Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya. Nadharia iliyoongoza makala hii ni Uchanganuzi Makinifu wa diskosi. Nadharia hii hudokeza kuwa lugha kivyake haina mamlaka, bali huyapata itumiwapo na wenye mamlaka katika miundo ya kijamii. Sampuli ya makala hii ilipakuliwa kutoka kumbukumbu za kudumu za Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya zilizoko mtandaoni. Diskosi za hotuba teule za Marais Jakaya Kikwete na Samia Suluhu zilizo sampuli ya makala hii ni zile zilizowasilishwa kati ya miaka (2013-2022). Kipindi hiki ni awamu ya 11 na awamu ya pili na tatu ya Mabunge ya Kitaifa na Seneti nchini Kenya. Jumla ya hotuba mbili ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kujikita kwenye mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Kifaa cha utafiti kilichotumika katika ukusanyaji wa data ni orodha ya ukaguzi. Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika katika kukusanya, kuchambua na kuwasilisha matokeo ya makala. Data ya makala hii ilikusanywa kutokana na mchakato wa usomaji wa kina wa hotuba teule. Matokeo ya makala hii yalidhihirisha kuwa mikakati ya kibinafsi, wataalamu, mfano wa kuigwa, yasiyo binafsi, upatanishi wa kimila. Makala hii ilipendekeza kuwa utafiti wa baadaye ufanywe kuhusu namna vipengele vya mkakati wa uhalalishaji wa mamlaka hutambulisha wahutubu katika hotuba za kisiasa.
Motifu ya Ukame katika Tamthilia za Janga la Werevu (Mohamed, 2011) na Majira ya Utasa (Arege, 2015)
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2022-02-04) Njeru, Mary K.; Kobia, John M.; Musyimi, Dorcas M.
Suala la ukame limeanza kupata umakini mwingi kwa sababu ya kuongezeka kwa hivi karibuni kwa marudio na makali yake. Mathalani, ni mwanzo wa maafa yanayoaminika kuwa chanzo cha kimsingi cha baa la njaa kwa ajili ya uharibifu wa mazao. Kadhalika, ni kutokana na makali ya ukame katika mataifa mbalimbali Barani Afrika na ulimwenguni kwa jumla, ambapo kumeibuka mijadala mizito miongoni mwa washikadau mbalimbali wa masuala ya kimazingira kote ulimwenguni. Tangu kuvumbuliwa kwa uwanja wa fasihi mazingira miaka ya tisini, waandishi wa kifasihi wamejihusisha katika masuala ya kimazingira ili kuchangia katika utatuzi wa matatizo yanayotokana na uharibifu wa mazingira. Kwa msingi huu, makala hii inajadili namna watunzi wa tamthilia za Janga la Werevu (Mohamed, 2011) na Majira ya Utasa (Arege, 2015) wamesawiri motifu ya ukame kama suala mojawapo la kimazingira kwa lengo la kuweka wazi chanzo na athari zake katika jamii. Makala hii iliongozwa na nadharia ya Uhakiki wa Kiekolojia iliyoasisiwa na Glotferty (1996). Nadharia hii hujikita katika uchambuzi wa kazi za kifasihi kwa kuonyesha uhusiano na utegemeano baina ya binadamu na mazingira. Utafiti ulifanyiwa maktabani ambapo uteuzi wa sampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kuteua matini teule. Data ya utafiti ilikusanywa kupitia usomaji wa kina wa matini teule. Kutokana na matokeo ya makala hii, ilibainika kwamba, waandishi wa tamthilia teule wamesawiri suala la ukame kwa namna mbalimbali kwa kuangazia chanzo na athari zake. Hivyo, makala hii imethibitisha kwamba, fasihi ya Kiswahili ni nyenzo muhimu ambayo inaweza kutumika katika kuangazia masuala yanayoathiri jamii. Vilevile, utafiti huu ni muhimu kwa washikadau wote wa masuala ya kimazingira Barani Afrika na ulimwengu kwa jumla.
Masuala Ibuka Yanayowasilishwa katika Vikatuni vya Ubongo Kids
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2025-11-11) Opondo, Stephen Odiwuor; Kanyua, Mary; Ntiba, Onesmus
Utafiti huu ulilenga kujadili masuala ibuka kwenye vikatuni vya Ubongo Kids. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Elimu Burudani ambayo iliwekewa msingi na Miguel Sabido (2003). Elimu Burudani ni nadharia iliyofumwa kuelimisha na kubadilisha mitazamo ya jamii kupitia burudani. Nadharia ya Elimu Burudani ilimsaidia mtafiti kuelewa jinsi vikatuni vya Ubongo Kids vinavyoelezea hali halisi kuhusu maisha ya watu na jinsi watazamaji wanaweza kuchochewa kujenga maana fulani kwa kulinganisha matukio katika kipindi na maisha yao. Sampuli ya utafiti ilipatikana kwa kutumia mbinu ya usampulishaji kimaksudi. Mbinu ya usampulishaji kimaksudi ilimhitaji mtafiti kuamua kwa hiari yake sampuli iliyoweza kumpa data kutoka kwa video inayohusiana na lengo la utafiti. Ukusanyaji wa data ulitumia mbinu ya kiwango kifu ambapo hakuna masuala au maarifa mapya yaliyobainika na data ilianza kujirudia, jambo linaloashiria kuwa ukubwa wa sampuli uliokusudiwa umefikiwa. Hivyo, mtafiti aliteua video 10. Uteuzi wa video ulizingatia masuala ibuka, ubora wa elimu kupitia burudani, na uhusiano wa moja kwa moja na malengo ya utafiti. Pia, video zilichaguliwa kulingana na ubora wa kiufundi na kipindi cha ubunifu kati ya mwaka wa 2014 na 2025. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutazama kauli na matendo yaliyoashiria masuala ibuka na kauli yao kunukuliwa. Uchanganuzi pamoja na uwasilishaji wa data ulifanyika kwa njia ya maelezo. Utafiti ulibaini kuwa masuala ibuka katika vikatuui vya Ubongo Kids huwasilishwa kwa njia rahisi kueleweka, yakilenga kuelimisha watoto kuhusu changamoto za sasa kama mabadiliko ya tabianchi, ulinzi wa watoto, matumizi salama ya teknolojia, umuhimu wa lishe bora, elimu na usafi wa mazingira. Matokeo ya utafiti yatawafaidi walimu, wakuza mitalaa na watafiti wengine kwa kuonyesha ufaafu wa vipindi vya watoto kama kiungo muhimu cha elimu kando na kuburudisha.
Mahusiano ya Uwezo katika Muwala wa Mada katika Hotuba Teule za Marais Kikwete na Samia, Kenya
(East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2025-09-05) Dimbu, Sammy; Kobia, John; Kanyua, Mary
Muwala huchukuliwa kuwa kipengele cha diskosi ambacho hufasiriwa kulingana na muktadha na hujumuisha dhana zinazohusiana, utathmini na msemezano. Makala hii iliangazia makala muwala wa mada katika hotuba teule za Marais Jakaya Kikwete (Kikwete) na Samia Suluhu (Samia). Nadharia iliyoongoza makala hii ni Uchanganuzi Makinifu wa Diskosi. Nadharia hii hudokeza kuwa lugha yenyewe haina mamlaka bali huyapata inapotumiwa na wenye mamlaka katika miundo ya kijamii. Sampuli ya makala hii ilipakuliwa kutoka Kumbukumbu za Kudumu za Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya zilizoko mtandaoni. Diskosi za hotuba teule zilizo sampuli ya makala hii ni zile zilizowasilishwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili baina ya miaka (2013-2022). Kipindi hiki ni awamu ya 11 na 12 ya Bunge la Kitaifa na awamu ya 2 na 3 ya Bunge la Seneti nchini Kenya. Jumla ya hotuba 2 ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kujikita kwenye mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika katika kukusanya, kuchambua na kuwasilisha matokeo ya utafiti. Data ya makala hii ilikusanywa kutokana na mchakato wa usomaji wa kina wa hotuba teule. Data iliainishwa kulingana na maswali ya utafiti. Matokeo yalibainisha kuwa vipengele vya kigezo cha hali, washiriki katika diskosi, madhumuni ya mawasiliano, kitendo neni kilichotendwa na kaida za mawasiliano yalikuza muwala wa mada katika hotuba teule. Makala hii ilibainisha namna masuala ya kimuktadha huchangia muwala wa ndani na wa kijumla ili kuleta uelewaji wa diskosi ili kukuza mahusiano ya uwezo katika diskosi. Makala hii ilipendekeza tafiti za baadae zifanywe kuhusu namna vibainishi vya muktadha wa diskosi hukuza maana ya implikecha.
GEOG 425: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES
(Chuka University, 2023-04-19) Chuka University
Role of Community Participation on Sustainability of Donor Funded Food Security Projects in Tharaka South Sub County, Kenya
(Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 2025-05-31) Mutegi Anita Mwende; Gathungu Geofrey Kingori; Sande Anne Andayi
Participatory approach has been embraced globally for most development projects including food security projects implementation in many communities. However, many food security projects lack sustainability and the projects collapse following the exit of the donor funding. This study sought to examine the role of community participation on the sustainability of donor funded food security projects in Tharaka South Sub County, Kenya. Using a descriptive survey design, a sample of 227 respondents was purposively but randomly selected and data on community participation on project sustainability collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data collected was analyzed using correlation analysis, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The findings showed that community participation and sustainability of donor funded food security projects correlated positively. The community involvement especially in at project implementation and monitoring stage enhanced sustainability of donor funded food security projects. It was observed that 85% 9.7% and 5.3% of the respondents contributed manual labour, monetary and technical support, respectively to the donor funded food security projects. Based on the findings, the study recommended that community members be involved in generating project ideas as well as considered in monetary contribution and technical support for the donor funded food security projects. It is necessary to train and empower the community project members on project sustainability. The donors should also consider to continue playing their role in the operation and maintenance of the donor funded food security projects.
Contribution of Social Capital to Household Graduation from the Hunger Safety Net Programme in Marsabit County, Kenya
(Consortium Publishing (online), 2025-04-17) Boniface Munene Rufo; Daniel Muia; De Wet Schutte; Henry Rono
This study aimed to determine the extent to which social capital contributes to household graduation from the Hunger Safety Net Programme in Marsabit County, Kenya. The study employed a mixed-method survey design. Data collection was done from October 2023 to December 2023 using a questionnaire, key informant interview guide, and focus group discussion schedule. A total of 334 primary respondents were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The findings reveal that 23.4 per cent of the respondents were members of a community-based social group or network. Those who belonged to a social group were few, but the benefits they received were of great value. Furthermore, the majority of respondents (88.9%) indicated that community members were not fully involved in selecting households for graduation. However, 40.5 per cent of respondents expressed trust in the few community members who participated in their graduation. Using an ordered logistic regression model, community associations/networks (b=-0.841, p=.002); community participation (b=-2.902, p=.003); community trust (b=1.77, p=.010); and community leadership (b=-1.18, p=.015) were found to have a statistically (p<0.05) significant effect on household graduation. The study recommends the national and county governments develop and support community- based livelihood initiatives such as savings and loan groups, skills training programs, and pastoralist cooperatives. Beneficiaries of the Hunger Safety Net Programme should leverage social capital and traditional coping mechanisms to support their livelihoods rather than relying on external support. They should also participate in community activities to enhance their networking skills to realise socio-economic development.
Meanings in Always Sanitary Pads Advertisement
(Open Access Library Journal, 2024-09-24) Fridah Karambu Njenjere; Humphrey Kirimi Ireri; Christine Atieno
Meaning, in multimodal theory, emerges through the intricate interplay and combination of different modes. This study scrutinizes the meanings of online advertisements of Always Sanitary Pads by Procter and Gamble. The theoreti- cal framework comprises Multimodal Theory by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen. Employing quota sampling as the research design, the instrument was a guiding card, facilitating a nuanced exploration of the communicative intricacies within these advertisements. This research found out that Always Sanitary Pads advertisements contain multimodal components composed of semiotic resources that interact creatively, hence contributing in the shaping of the perceptions of feminine hygiene products. This research is important as the findings of this study are expected to add to the existing literature in the field of pragmatics and semiotics. The findings of this study help linguists learn the language since they will aid in gaining an understanding of the linguistic politeness strategies and the visual modes employed in advertising.
Effectiveness Of Environmental Conservation Measures Practiced In the Full Gospel Churches Of Kenya Embu Evurore District, Kenya
(Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 2024-10-15) Esther Karuana Rubiri(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema
This study assessed the effectiveness of environmental conservation measures practised by the congregants of the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya in the Embu Evurore District. The environment in Embu Evurore District is degraded despite the conservation practices of the congregants. The study objective was to assess the effectiveness of the environmental conservation measures practised in the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya Embu Evurore District. The study was guided by Behaviour change theory, which states that an individual is a victim of their environment. A descriptive research design was used to collect, analyse, and interpret information. The study was carried out in the five local churches in Embu Evurore District. The study population was obtained through sampling technique. The leaders were selected through purposive sampling. A sample of congregants was arrived at through random sampling. The study instruments were questionnaires for the congregants and interview schedules for the leaders. An observation schedule was used to identify the environmental conservation practices in Embu Evurore District. The data was analysed using tables, charts and graphs. The study found that while some environmental conservation measures have been effective, others have had limited impact. The study also found that some congregants caused environmental degradation. The findings of the study add knowledge to Eco- Theology. They benefit church leaders by adding insight to their policy formulation and decision-making concerning environment conservation. The findings of this study will sensitise the congregants to improve their methods of environmental conservation.
Implications of tragic experiences on symbolic power: The case of displaced persons in Kenya
(Journal of Languages and Linguistics, 2024-10-09) Nelson Ng’arua Ndiritu
Displacement of human populations is a common phenomenon from natural and human causes. Conflict and natural disasters such as floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, out-breaks of diseases are among the regular culprits. Victims of displacement experience dramatic changes in their life situations a common denominator being temporary and at times permanent deprivation of crucial resources for their daily lives. This affects their place in the social hierarchy among members of their host community. The displaced persons in Kenya following the 2007-2008 post-election violence were uprooted from their homes and deprived of their property. They lived in camps and with well-wishers depending on assistance from others. How did this affect their social station in life and how did they manifest? This paper examines the effect of displacement on the perception and treatment of the affected persons by their host communities. The paper utilizes qualitative methods to analyze the discourse of the displaced persons, providing a deeper understanding of their experiences upon displacement. The paper was guided by insights from Critical Discourse Analysis and Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of capital, symbolic power and symbolic violence. It brings to light the sudden changes in the perceptions and social evaluations of the victims and their response to the undesired changes. The paper comes to the conclusion that the new life status leads to new self- evaluations as well as the evaluations by those around them and the displaced persons lose symbolic capital and symbolic power and come to the receiving end of symbolic violence. In so doing, the paper illuminates the plight of the displaced persons beyond the evident material loses and recommends interventions to address these effects.
Colonial Transformation of The Aembu Land Access and Labour Division Systems in Food Crop Production From 1906- 1963
(Journal of History and Cultural Studies, 2024-09-10) Mbogo Mary Wangai; ;Caroline Mucece Kithinji(; Muraya Martha(
This study examined the colonial transformation of the Aembu access to land and labour division in food crop production from 1906-1963. Colonial practices and policies undermined the Aembu land and labour systems in food crop production. Methodologically, the study used descriptive research design and Articulation of Modes of Production Theory. The study was conducted in Embu East, Embu West and Embu North sub-counties of Embu. The study targeted a population of 16,144 people based on the 2019 census. Corroborated data was obtained from oral, archival and secondary sources to establish the reliability and validity of the research. The study’s findings were that the creation of African reserves to pave way for white settlement and labour supply from Africans led to the abandonment of crop farms since they were far away; the reserves had limited land sizes with poor soils for the production of enough food while most of the food storage facilities were destroyed in the process of migration and that during the political crisis of World Wars and Mau Mau, labour in food crop production was reduced. It concluded that colonialism transformed the Aembu land and labour systems while the co-existence of pre-colonial and colonial access to land and labour systems on the production of food crops exposed the community to famines. The study recommends that policymakers should come up with strategies for promoting traditional forms of access to land and labour to ensure adequate food crop production.
Practices Of the Teachings on Environmental Conservation in the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya Embu Evurore District, Kenya
(Journal of Pastoral and Practical Theology, 2024-10-15) Esther Karuana Rubiri(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema(; Moses Kathuri Njeru
This study sought to evaluate the ways in which the church worshippers practice the teachings on environmental conservation in the Full Gospel Churches in Embu Evurore District, Kenya. Despite the Full Gospel Church's teachings on environmental conservation, there is prevalent environmental degradation in Embu Evurore District, Kenya. This study was guided by behaviour change theory, which states that an individual is a victim of their environment. Descriptive formats were used to collect information, analyse, compare and interpret data. The study targeted the five local churches in Embu Evurore District. A Sample population was obtained through a random sampling technique. The findings of the study led to the conclusion that worshippers' awareness of the practices of environmental conservation influenced how they practised environmental conservation. The study also found that there were worshippers who were unaware of the conservation measures. The findings of the study contribute to religious knowledge in Eco-Theology. The findings of this study are beneficial to church leaders as they add insight to policy formulation and decision-making on environmental conservation. The findings of this study will sensitise the worshippers to proper practices in environmental conservation.
The Effects of Adaptation of Circumcision Age Set System into the Lineage System of the Tigania in the Pre-Colonial Period Circa, 1850-1908
(East African Journal of Traditions, Culture and Religion,, 2024-12-24) Igweta Dancan Ntongai; Dr. Martha Muraya, PhD
The purpose of this study was to analyze the context of the adaptation of the circumcision age set system on the lineage system of the pre-colonial Tigania circa 1850s-1908. It investigated the cultural dynamics which resulted in the adoption of the circumcision age set system and how it adapted itself in a lineage society. Specifically, the study examined the effects of such adaptation on the social- cultural organization of the pre-colonial Tigania which was a predominantly lineage-based society. The research was interpreted within the theories of social structuralism and instrumentalism theories, which were used to analyze the functionality of the circumcision age set system and the impacts of circumcision age set adaptation by the pre-colonial Tigania. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study location was in Tigania, Meru County with a population of 316, 341 targeting the population with knowledge of the age set system. A sample size of 40 respondents aged 60 years and above based on the concept of data saturation was selected. This sample was selected from the target population through purposive and snowballing sampling procedures. The respondents at this age possessed less diluted information as they acquired it from their parents or grandparents on age-set adaptation. The study also collected data from individuals who were younger but seemed resourceful as a result of education and community leadership experience. The interview guide was used for data collection. Due to the nature and the scope of the study, the data was mainly collected from secondary and oral sources and then corroborated. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and presented thematically. The research was carried out with strict adherence to the ethics of research. The study found out that when pre-colonial Tigania adopted circumcision the existing lineage system was significantly affected in such a way that, the age set system played a complementary role in pre-colonial Tigania. The age set system expanded the scope of social functions as it cut across the clan boundaries. The clans became more organized, stronger, and safer. Consequently, the adoption and adaptation of the circumcision age set by the pastoralists’ communities strengthened their clan system hence, their survival. This study sheds light on academia and society on how such cultural adaptations
Transforming Kenya’s addressing landscape: use case models approach to a responsive National Addressing System
(Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2025-02-13) Isaac Kipkemoi; Innocent Osoro Ngare
The rapid urbanization and population growth in Kenya highlight the need to revive the National Addressing System (NAS). This study aims to examine address systems across the globe, focusing on countries known for their efficient addressing infrastructures, such as the USA, UK, Japan, Switzerland, and Germany, and compare them to the currently used system in Kenya. Additionally, we critique the format proposed by NAS and use this knowledge to build conceptual models of a responsive NAS. Beyond conducting a simple survey of best practices, our objective is to extract the underlying principles and intricacies that lead to the success of these models. Drawing on this extensive global knowledge, our research aims to propose a detailed conceptual framework specifically designed to address the unique attributes and challenges that characterize Kenya’s dynamic addressing landscape. By combining global insights with local needs, this paper advocates for a NAS that goes beyond traditional boundaries, aligning with international standards while promoting adaptability and resilience in response to the ever-changing urban fabric of Kenya.
The Effects of Emerging Trade Patterns in Agikuyu Women’s Indigenous Food Crops on Food Security in Nyeri County from 1902 To 1980
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2025-01-20) Julius Mathenge Gitonga1
The purpose of this paper was to assess the effect of emerging trade patterns in women’s indigenous food crops on food security from 1902 to 1980. This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The research employed a historical research design based on qualitative procedures. The design enabled the researcher to explain, describe and give a historical analysis of the findings. This being a historical study, non-probability sampling procedures were used such as purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather relevant information. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed and the main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure the reliability and validity of the information. Interpretation was done within the framework of Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. The study established that the women’s local food crops trade system has not been static. The colonial capitalist economic practices brought about profound changes in the economic and social fabric of Nyeri County and significantly undermined the women’s local trade. This resulted in both positive and negative influences on the dimensions of food security in the study area. It was established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and a substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the Ministry of Trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women's local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
Self-Mention Meta discourse Markers in English Doctoral Dissertations In Kenyan Universities
(2024-04-14) Mbugua L.K.; Mbaka N.W.
Academic writers use self-mention metadiscourse markers to express authorial identity, foster a strong rela- tionship with readers, and convey their beliefs and conclusion. This study evaluates the extent to which Eng- lish doctoral students in Kenya use self–mentions in their dissertations. This study classified these markers based on their usage in the introduction discussion and conclusion chapters. A mixed method approach was adopted, analyzing the introduction, discussion and conclusion chapters of 20 English doctoral dissertations through manual and concordance analysis. Hyland's (2005) framework of metadiscourse features was used to identify and code the self-mention markers. AntConc 4.1.4 software facilitated the examination of the frequency and occurrence of Self-mention markers within the corpus. The findings of this study reveal that English writers used most self-mention markers. The inclusive “we” was used to create a sense of detach- ment, allowing authors to distance themselves from the text and the reader. Additionally, English writers presented their individual selves by assuming roles such as discourse constructors, arguers and evaluators. While there were no significant cases of overuse or underuse, the overall frequency of self-mention markers was notably low. The results have important implications for dissertation writing and highlight the need for teaching self-mention markers to effectively convey authorial positioning in doctoral dissertation in Kenya.
Change in the Agikuyu Women’s Local Trade on Indigenous Food Crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980
(African Journal of History and Geography, 2024-12-09) Julius Mathenge Gitonga; Dr. Martha Muraya, PhD; Dr. Leen Kavulavu, PhD
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the change in the Agikuyu women’s local trade on indigenous food crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980 This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources.The research employed a historical research design based on qualitative procedures. The design enabled the researcher to explain, describe and give a historical analysis of the findings. This being a historical study, non-probability sampling procedures were used such as purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather relevant information. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed the main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure reliability and validity of the information. Interpretation was done within the framework of Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. The study established that the women’s local food crops trade system has not been static the colonial capitalist economic practices brought about profound changes in the economic and social fabric in Nyeri County and significantly undermined the women’s local trade. This resulted to both positive and negative influence to the dimensions of food security in the study area. It was established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and its substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the ministry of trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
Impact Of Prosperity Gospel on The Political Aspect in Selected Neo-Pentecostal Movements in Karingani Ward, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
(Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 2024-10-18) Kinoti Evans(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Orina Hellen Kagwiria
This study sought to investigate how prosperity gospel influences the political aspect of followers. The prosperity gospel is a teaching that is highly taught in neo-Pentecostal movements, finding acceptability and adaptability in the world, attracting many in neo-Pentecostal movements, hence, how does the gospel influence adherents' political aspect? Neo- Pentecostal movements have increased in numbers over the past decade in Karingani Ward, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The Functionalism Theory guided the study to analyse the influence of prosperity gospel on the political aspect of its followers. The study applied the descriptive survey design. Yamane’s formula was applied to obtain a sample size of 281 respondents. In addition, six pastors were selected from the churches, and the total sample was 294 respondents. The research instruments utilised were questionnaires and interviews. The study's findings revealed that prosperity teachings in Neo-Pentecostal movements had positive and negative impacts on the political aspect of followers, which is, voting and supporting specific political leaders and a given political party. On the other hand, the teaching of prosperity in these movements resulted in disunity in the church, ethnic tension, members leaving the church, and fights extending to communal daily living. The study concludes that the involvement of prosperity gospel preachers in political discussion in church significantly influences the political conviction, choices, voter turnout, and social interaction of members of these movements. Therefore, a policy formulation should be recommended that controls direct clergy influence on politics.
The Aembu access to land and labour systems on food crop production and food security up to 1906
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-09-16) Mbogo Mary Wangai; Caroline Mucece Kithinji; Muraya Martha(
This study sought to analyse how the pre-colonial Aembu organised their land and labour systems in food crop production for guaranteed household food security up to 1906. The pre-colonial African societies had either matrilineal or patrilineal systems of land ownership, while labour was gender specific. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Embu East, Embu West and Embu North sub-counties of the larger Embu County. Purposive sampling with a snowballing technique was applied to get 50 respondents who were interviewed from a target population of 16,144. The study corroborated data from oral, archival records and secondary sources. The findings were that the pre-colonial Aembu food crop producers had elaborate systems of land rights and land use under clan heads. The land access system accommodated practices like shifting cultivation and intercropping; the pre-colonial division of labour in food crop production combined all household members and those other forms of labour like communal, paid and corporate were sourced from outside the household. The study concluded that the pre-colonial Aembu were food secure in spite of occasional rainfall failure, locust invasion and warfare, while the articulation of pre-colonial and capitalist land and labour systems exposed the society members to food insecurity. The study contributed to the pre-colonial social, political and economic historiography of the Aembu people. The study recommends that the post-colonial government should employ strategies that can be effectively used to mitigate food crop production insecurity by focusing on the adoption of various traditional methods of land and labour access.

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