Humanities

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.chuka.ac.ke/handle/chuka/418

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Meanings in Always Sanitary Pads Advertisement
(Open Access Library Journal, 2024-09-24) Fridah Karambu Njenjere; Humphrey Kirimi Ireri; Christine Atieno
Meaning, in multimodal theory, emerges through the intricate interplay and combination of different modes. This study scrutinizes the meanings of online advertisements of Always Sanitary Pads by Procter and Gamble. The theoreti- cal framework comprises Multimodal Theory by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen. Employing quota sampling as the research design, the instrument was a guiding card, facilitating a nuanced exploration of the communicative intricacies within these advertisements. This research found out that Always Sanitary Pads advertisements contain multimodal components composed of semiotic resources that interact creatively, hence contributing in the shaping of the perceptions of feminine hygiene products. This research is important as the findings of this study are expected to add to the existing literature in the field of pragmatics and semiotics. The findings of this study help linguists learn the language since they will aid in gaining an understanding of the linguistic politeness strategies and the visual modes employed in advertising.
Effectiveness Of Environmental Conservation Measures Practiced In the Full Gospel Churches Of Kenya Embu Evurore District, Kenya
(Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 2024-10-15) Esther Karuana Rubiri(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema
This study assessed the effectiveness of environmental conservation measures practised by the congregants of the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya in the Embu Evurore District. The environment in Embu Evurore District is degraded despite the conservation practices of the congregants. The study objective was to assess the effectiveness of the environmental conservation measures practised in the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya Embu Evurore District. The study was guided by Behaviour change theory, which states that an individual is a victim of their environment. A descriptive research design was used to collect, analyse, and interpret information. The study was carried out in the five local churches in Embu Evurore District. The study population was obtained through sampling technique. The leaders were selected through purposive sampling. A sample of congregants was arrived at through random sampling. The study instruments were questionnaires for the congregants and interview schedules for the leaders. An observation schedule was used to identify the environmental conservation practices in Embu Evurore District. The data was analysed using tables, charts and graphs. The study found that while some environmental conservation measures have been effective, others have had limited impact. The study also found that some congregants caused environmental degradation. The findings of the study add knowledge to Eco- Theology. They benefit church leaders by adding insight to their policy formulation and decision-making concerning environment conservation. The findings of this study will sensitise the congregants to improve their methods of environmental conservation.
Implications of tragic experiences on symbolic power: The case of displaced persons in Kenya
(Journal of Languages and Linguistics, 2024-10-09) Nelson Ng’arua Ndiritu
Displacement of human populations is a common phenomenon from natural and human causes. Conflict and natural disasters such as floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, out-breaks of diseases are among the regular culprits. Victims of displacement experience dramatic changes in their life situations a common denominator being temporary and at times permanent deprivation of crucial resources for their daily lives. This affects their place in the social hierarchy among members of their host community. The displaced persons in Kenya following the 2007-2008 post-election violence were uprooted from their homes and deprived of their property. They lived in camps and with well-wishers depending on assistance from others. How did this affect their social station in life and how did they manifest? This paper examines the effect of displacement on the perception and treatment of the affected persons by their host communities. The paper utilizes qualitative methods to analyze the discourse of the displaced persons, providing a deeper understanding of their experiences upon displacement. The paper was guided by insights from Critical Discourse Analysis and Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of capital, symbolic power and symbolic violence. It brings to light the sudden changes in the perceptions and social evaluations of the victims and their response to the undesired changes. The paper comes to the conclusion that the new life status leads to new self- evaluations as well as the evaluations by those around them and the displaced persons lose symbolic capital and symbolic power and come to the receiving end of symbolic violence. In so doing, the paper illuminates the plight of the displaced persons beyond the evident material loses and recommends interventions to address these effects.
Colonial Transformation of The Aembu Land Access and Labour Division Systems in Food Crop Production From 1906- 1963
(Journal of History and Cultural Studies, 2024-09-10) Mbogo Mary Wangai; ;Caroline Mucece Kithinji(; Muraya Martha(
This study examined the colonial transformation of the Aembu access to land and labour division in food crop production from 1906-1963. Colonial practices and policies undermined the Aembu land and labour systems in food crop production. Methodologically, the study used descriptive research design and Articulation of Modes of Production Theory. The study was conducted in Embu East, Embu West and Embu North sub-counties of Embu. The study targeted a population of 16,144 people based on the 2019 census. Corroborated data was obtained from oral, archival and secondary sources to establish the reliability and validity of the research. The study’s findings were that the creation of African reserves to pave way for white settlement and labour supply from Africans led to the abandonment of crop farms since they were far away; the reserves had limited land sizes with poor soils for the production of enough food while most of the food storage facilities were destroyed in the process of migration and that during the political crisis of World Wars and Mau Mau, labour in food crop production was reduced. It concluded that colonialism transformed the Aembu land and labour systems while the co-existence of pre-colonial and colonial access to land and labour systems on the production of food crops exposed the community to famines. The study recommends that policymakers should come up with strategies for promoting traditional forms of access to land and labour to ensure adequate food crop production.
Practices Of the Teachings on Environmental Conservation in the Full Gospel Churches of Kenya Embu Evurore District, Kenya
(Journal of Pastoral and Practical Theology, 2024-10-15) Esther Karuana Rubiri(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema(; Moses Kathuri Njeru
This study sought to evaluate the ways in which the church worshippers practice the teachings on environmental conservation in the Full Gospel Churches in Embu Evurore District, Kenya. Despite the Full Gospel Church's teachings on environmental conservation, there is prevalent environmental degradation in Embu Evurore District, Kenya. This study was guided by behaviour change theory, which states that an individual is a victim of their environment. Descriptive formats were used to collect information, analyse, compare and interpret data. The study targeted the five local churches in Embu Evurore District. A Sample population was obtained through a random sampling technique. The findings of the study led to the conclusion that worshippers' awareness of the practices of environmental conservation influenced how they practised environmental conservation. The study also found that there were worshippers who were unaware of the conservation measures. The findings of the study contribute to religious knowledge in Eco-Theology. The findings of this study are beneficial to church leaders as they add insight to policy formulation and decision-making on environmental conservation. The findings of this study will sensitise the worshippers to proper practices in environmental conservation.
The Effects of Adaptation of Circumcision Age Set System into the Lineage System of the Tigania in the Pre-Colonial Period Circa, 1850-1908
(East African Journal of Traditions, Culture and Religion,, 2024-12-24) Igweta Dancan Ntongai; Dr. Martha Muraya, PhD
The purpose of this study was to analyze the context of the adaptation of the circumcision age set system on the lineage system of the pre-colonial Tigania circa 1850s-1908. It investigated the cultural dynamics which resulted in the adoption of the circumcision age set system and how it adapted itself in a lineage society. Specifically, the study examined the effects of such adaptation on the social- cultural organization of the pre-colonial Tigania which was a predominantly lineage-based society. The research was interpreted within the theories of social structuralism and instrumentalism theories, which were used to analyze the functionality of the circumcision age set system and the impacts of circumcision age set adaptation by the pre-colonial Tigania. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study location was in Tigania, Meru County with a population of 316, 341 targeting the population with knowledge of the age set system. A sample size of 40 respondents aged 60 years and above based on the concept of data saturation was selected. This sample was selected from the target population through purposive and snowballing sampling procedures. The respondents at this age possessed less diluted information as they acquired it from their parents or grandparents on age-set adaptation. The study also collected data from individuals who were younger but seemed resourceful as a result of education and community leadership experience. The interview guide was used for data collection. Due to the nature and the scope of the study, the data was mainly collected from secondary and oral sources and then corroborated. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and presented thematically. The research was carried out with strict adherence to the ethics of research. The study found out that when pre-colonial Tigania adopted circumcision the existing lineage system was significantly affected in such a way that, the age set system played a complementary role in pre-colonial Tigania. The age set system expanded the scope of social functions as it cut across the clan boundaries. The clans became more organized, stronger, and safer. Consequently, the adoption and adaptation of the circumcision age set by the pastoralists’ communities strengthened their clan system hence, their survival. This study sheds light on academia and society on how such cultural adaptations
Transforming Kenya’s addressing landscape: use case models approach to a responsive National Addressing System
(Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2025-02-13) Isaac Kipkemoi; Innocent Osoro Ngare
The rapid urbanization and population growth in Kenya highlight the need to revive the National Addressing System (NAS). This study aims to examine address systems across the globe, focusing on countries known for their efficient addressing infrastructures, such as the USA, UK, Japan, Switzerland, and Germany, and compare them to the currently used system in Kenya. Additionally, we critique the format proposed by NAS and use this knowledge to build conceptual models of a responsive NAS. Beyond conducting a simple survey of best practices, our objective is to extract the underlying principles and intricacies that lead to the success of these models. Drawing on this extensive global knowledge, our research aims to propose a detailed conceptual framework specifically designed to address the unique attributes and challenges that characterize Kenya’s dynamic addressing landscape. By combining global insights with local needs, this paper advocates for a NAS that goes beyond traditional boundaries, aligning with international standards while promoting adaptability and resilience in response to the ever-changing urban fabric of Kenya.
The Effects of Emerging Trade Patterns in Agikuyu Women’s Indigenous Food Crops on Food Security in Nyeri County from 1902 To 1980
(East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2025-01-20) Julius Mathenge Gitonga1
The purpose of this paper was to assess the effect of emerging trade patterns in women’s indigenous food crops on food security from 1902 to 1980. This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The research employed a historical research design based on qualitative procedures. The design enabled the researcher to explain, describe and give a historical analysis of the findings. This being a historical study, non-probability sampling procedures were used such as purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather relevant information. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed and the main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure the reliability and validity of the information. Interpretation was done within the framework of Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. The study established that the women’s local food crops trade system has not been static. The colonial capitalist economic practices brought about profound changes in the economic and social fabric of Nyeri County and significantly undermined the women’s local trade. This resulted in both positive and negative influences on the dimensions of food security in the study area. It was established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and a substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the Ministry of Trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women's local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
Self-Mention Meta discourse Markers in English Doctoral Dissertations In Kenyan Universities
(2024-04-14) Mbugua L.K.; Mbaka N.W.
Academic writers use self-mention metadiscourse markers to express authorial identity, foster a strong rela- tionship with readers, and convey their beliefs and conclusion. This study evaluates the extent to which Eng- lish doctoral students in Kenya use self–mentions in their dissertations. This study classified these markers based on their usage in the introduction discussion and conclusion chapters. A mixed method approach was adopted, analyzing the introduction, discussion and conclusion chapters of 20 English doctoral dissertations through manual and concordance analysis. Hyland's (2005) framework of metadiscourse features was used to identify and code the self-mention markers. AntConc 4.1.4 software facilitated the examination of the frequency and occurrence of Self-mention markers within the corpus. The findings of this study reveal that English writers used most self-mention markers. The inclusive “we” was used to create a sense of detach- ment, allowing authors to distance themselves from the text and the reader. Additionally, English writers presented their individual selves by assuming roles such as discourse constructors, arguers and evaluators. While there were no significant cases of overuse or underuse, the overall frequency of self-mention markers was notably low. The results have important implications for dissertation writing and highlight the need for teaching self-mention markers to effectively convey authorial positioning in doctoral dissertation in Kenya.
Change in the Agikuyu Women’s Local Trade on Indigenous Food Crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980
(African Journal of History and Geography, 2024-12-09) Julius Mathenge Gitonga; Dr. Martha Muraya, PhD; Dr. Leen Kavulavu, PhD
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the change in the Agikuyu women’s local trade on indigenous food crops in Nyeri County from 1902 to 1980 This study was conducted in three sub-counties: Kieni East, Mathira East, and Nyeri Central. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources.The research employed a historical research design based on qualitative procedures. The design enabled the researcher to explain, describe and give a historical analysis of the findings. This being a historical study, non-probability sampling procedures were used such as purposive and snowball sampling techniques to gather relevant information. A sample size threshold of 54 respondents was interviewed the main research instruments were the interview guide and focus group discussion. Data for this study was analyzed qualitatively using documentary content analysis, description and narration of the historical events. Data was also corroborated and both context and content analysis were done to ensure reliability and validity of the information. Interpretation was done within the framework of Marxist feminist theory and articulation theory. The study established that the women’s local food crops trade system has not been static the colonial capitalist economic practices brought about profound changes in the economic and social fabric in Nyeri County and significantly undermined the women’s local trade. This resulted to both positive and negative influence to the dimensions of food security in the study area. It was established that the indigenous food crops that women exchanged in the local markets were well adapted to local conditions, sustainably available and provided essential nutrients necessary for the health and well-being of the community. The findings of this study illustrate the pivotal role of Agikuyu women in local trade systems and its substantial contribution to food security in Nyeri County. The study concludes that the ministry of trade should come up with deliberate measures that will integrate women’s local trade into the country’s economic policies and practices and also consider the valuable contribution of women local trade in mitigating food shortage and ensuring eradication of extreme poverty and hunger.
Impact Of Prosperity Gospel on The Political Aspect in Selected Neo-Pentecostal Movements in Karingani Ward, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
(Journal of Philosophy and Religion, 2024-10-18) Kinoti Evans(; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Orina Hellen Kagwiria
This study sought to investigate how prosperity gospel influences the political aspect of followers. The prosperity gospel is a teaching that is highly taught in neo-Pentecostal movements, finding acceptability and adaptability in the world, attracting many in neo-Pentecostal movements, hence, how does the gospel influence adherents' political aspect? Neo- Pentecostal movements have increased in numbers over the past decade in Karingani Ward, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The Functionalism Theory guided the study to analyse the influence of prosperity gospel on the political aspect of its followers. The study applied the descriptive survey design. Yamane’s formula was applied to obtain a sample size of 281 respondents. In addition, six pastors were selected from the churches, and the total sample was 294 respondents. The research instruments utilised were questionnaires and interviews. The study's findings revealed that prosperity teachings in Neo-Pentecostal movements had positive and negative impacts on the political aspect of followers, which is, voting and supporting specific political leaders and a given political party. On the other hand, the teaching of prosperity in these movements resulted in disunity in the church, ethnic tension, members leaving the church, and fights extending to communal daily living. The study concludes that the involvement of prosperity gospel preachers in political discussion in church significantly influences the political conviction, choices, voter turnout, and social interaction of members of these movements. Therefore, a policy formulation should be recommended that controls direct clergy influence on politics.
The Aembu access to land and labour systems on food crop production and food security up to 1906
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-09-16) Mbogo Mary Wangai; Caroline Mucece Kithinji; Muraya Martha(
This study sought to analyse how the pre-colonial Aembu organised their land and labour systems in food crop production for guaranteed household food security up to 1906. The pre-colonial African societies had either matrilineal or patrilineal systems of land ownership, while labour was gender specific. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Embu East, Embu West and Embu North sub-counties of the larger Embu County. Purposive sampling with a snowballing technique was applied to get 50 respondents who were interviewed from a target population of 16,144. The study corroborated data from oral, archival records and secondary sources. The findings were that the pre-colonial Aembu food crop producers had elaborate systems of land rights and land use under clan heads. The land access system accommodated practices like shifting cultivation and intercropping; the pre-colonial division of labour in food crop production combined all household members and those other forms of labour like communal, paid and corporate were sourced from outside the household. The study concluded that the pre-colonial Aembu were food secure in spite of occasional rainfall failure, locust invasion and warfare, while the articulation of pre-colonial and capitalist land and labour systems exposed the society members to food insecurity. The study contributed to the pre-colonial social, political and economic historiography of the Aembu people. The study recommends that the post-colonial government should employ strategies that can be effectively used to mitigate food crop production insecurity by focusing on the adoption of various traditional methods of land and labour access.
Role Of the Anglican Church in Addressing the Boy-Child Crisis in the Diocese of Embu
(Journal of Pastoral and Practical Theology, 2024-05-09) Moses Murithi Nyaga; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Hellen Kagwiria Orina(3
This study examines the role of the Anglican Church in addressing this crisis by analysing socio-cultural, economic, and spiritual challenges faced by boys and young men. The boy child crisis in Kenya, marked by declining educational achievements, increased crime, substance abuse, and socio-economic marginalisation, necessitates strategic interventions. A descriptive survey design was used to provide a comprehensive understanding. The population comprised 26,108 men, women, and youths across 50 churches in 7 archdeaconries, with a sample of 383 respondents selected using stratified proportionate random sampling, including 254 men and women, 73 youths, 21 priests, and 35 elders. Data were gathered through interviews, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. The findings showed support for pastors providing guidance and counselling in schools and clergy families' involvement in youth development. There was significant backing for boys' seminars and views of youth engagement in church activities. The study also revealed support for door-to-door missions to attract youths to ministry and church-led drug abuse campaigns and mentorship programs. The church was seen as a key supporter of male youth, creating a welcoming environment and integrating traditional and modern practices. The study concludes that the Anglican Church is well-positioned to address the boy child crisis through targeted interventions and recommends formalising pastoral roles in guidance and counselling, enhancing youth leadership, and strengthening outreach programs.
Role Of the Catholic Church in Addressing Environmental Crisis In Chuka Igambang’ombe Sub-County, Keny
(Journal of Pastoral and Practical Theology, 2024-09-06) Sarah Kagendo Gitonga; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Jonathan Kathenge
This study sought to investigate the role of the Catholic Church in addressing the environmental crisis in Chuka Igambang’ombe Sub- County. The research was carried out in Chuka Igambang’ombe Sub- County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. A population of 15574 Church members comprising 20 priests, 20 Development officials, 3663 youths, 4285 CMA, and 7321 CWA was targeted by the survey. A sample of 10 priests, 10 Development committee members, 86 youths, 175 CWA, and 98 CMA members was obtained for the study, making a total of 389 members of the targeted population. Data was obtained using interviews and questionnaires. The study established that the Church contributed to environmental conservation by educating members on tree planting, promoting environmental conservation among Christians, safeguarding water catchment areas, discouraging tree cutting, organising garbage collection, raising public awareness, participating in volunteer clean-up activities, preventing tree cutting, soil erosion and advocating for preservation services. Considering the findings obtained, the study recommends collaboration between the Catholic Church, local stakeholders, government agencies and environmental groups to enhance conservation efforts, boost community involvement, strengthen advocacy within the Church on environmental conservation, adopt sustainable land management practices, enforce deforestation regulations and improve waste management to curb water pollution and ecological degradation.
The economic influence of prosperity gospel on individual followers in neo-Pentecostal movements in Karingani Ward Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-10-25) Kinoti Evans; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Orina Hellen Kagwiria
The study sought to investigate how prosperity gospel influences the economic aspect of its followers in neo-Pentecostal movements in Karingani Ward Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. In Kenya, Neo-Pentecostal movements are growing and spreading from urban to rural areas, as witnessed in Karingani Ward, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. There has been an increase in self-founded churches, commonly known as charismatic movements, over the past decade. The Functionalism Theory guided the study in analysing the prosperity gospel's influence on its followers' economic aspect. The theory indicates that religion is a social influencer that leads to changes in behaviour and perception or worldview that are essential to economic growth. The study applied the descriptive survey design. Yamane’s formula was applied to obtain a sample size of 288 respondents. In addition, six pastors were selected from the churches; the total sample was 294 respondents. In the six selected churches, a larger population was between (20-50 years); the majority were women and indicated to be small business owners and employed in the private sector. The research instruments utilised were questionnaires, interviews, and focused group discussions. The study's findings revealed that prosperity teachings in Neo-Pentecostal movements positively influenced its followers. Prosperity teaching with biblical grounding had influenced adherents in these movements to have financial, investment, and entrepreneurial abilities through seminars, idea sharing, and continuous assistance from members, which have impacted their followers to experience social status mobility. This paper recommends a future study on how perceived YouTube or social media incomes can benefit all adherents.
Theory of Thomas Hobbes on the necessity to move from the state of nature and form a state
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-10-14) Josphat Kaume Kobia; ; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Dynesius Nyangau
This study demonstrated the theory of Thomas Hobbes on the necessity to move from the state of nature and form a state. Law is a prerequisite for ensuring peace, tranquillity and effective governance in a society. When law is in place, it fosters human beings' interaction with each other and creates a conducive environment for socio-economic empowerment. In the state of nature, according to Thomas Hobbes, there existed no government, no law, and nobody was above the other. There was no law, industry, civilisation, social life, economic and political order. If there was no law in place, then there was no morality. If there was no morality, then there was no justice or injustice. Life here was characterised by brutality, selfishness, and solitude and hence was short. The study was guided by Thomas Hobbes's political theory, which emphasises consent and consensus in the formation of government so as to move from the state of nature where life was unbearable. The study was library-based, and the researcher used a purposive sampling method to purposely sample three books that are inclined to materials related to Thomas Hobbes's political theory on the state of nature. The data was collected through reading texts, both published and unpublished. The location of the study was Chuka University Library. The study adopted a descriptive design and used a critical method that questions assumptions, examines the evidence, identifies biases, and strives for a deeper understanding of the state of nature and the necessity of forming a society. The study found that there is a need to have an organised society guided by law. The study recommended the need for equal distribution of resources.
Relevance of Thomas Hobbes's political theory in addressing the challenges facing the principle of public participation in Kenyan governance
(Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies, 2024-04-14) Josphat Kaume Kobia; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Dynesius Nyangau
facing the principle of public participation in Kenyan governance. Law brings order in the society, and it is a prerequisite for ensuring peace, tranquillity and effective governance in a society. Despite the principle of public participation being enshrined in the constitution, political leaders have not fully embraced it. The study was guided by Thomas Hobbes's political theory. This theory emphasises consent and consensus in the formation of government so as to move from the state of nature where life was unbearable. The study was library-based, and the researcher used a purposive sampling method to purposely sample four books that are inclined to materials related to Thomas Hobbes's political theory on the state of nature. The data was collected through reading texts, both published and unpublished. The location of the study was Chuka University Library. The study adopted a descriptive design and used a critical method that questions assumptions, examines evidence, identifies biases, and strives for a deeper understanding of the principle of Public participation under the constitution of Kenya. The study found that there is a need to have an organised society guided by law. The study recommended the need for the government to engage people in public participation so as to get their consent in developments and governance policies.
A History of The Presbyterian Church Of East Africa in The Eastern Region (1915 To 2022)
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-11-16) Lucy Muthoni Mwindi; Dickson Nkonge Kagema; Caroline Mucece Kithinji
The study sought to determine the impact of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa in the Eastern Region from 1915 to 2022. PCEA was introduced in the Eastern Region by the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) in 1915. The Eastern Region was the third mission area after Kikuyu and Tumutumu. Their mission strategy was holistic in nature, combining evangelism, education, medical and industrial work. Since its inception, PCEA has been involved in transforming the socio-political and economic lives of people in the Eastern Region. There is a paucity of scholarly work on the impact of other missionaries like the Methodists, the Roman Catholics and the Anglicans in Meru, but that of PCEA is conspicuously missing. Thus, there is a need for this kind of study. Data was collected by descriptive survey research design. Data was collected and analysed from 376 church members, 53 church ministers and 9 presbytery moderators. The study established that PCEA has had both negative and positive impacts on the transformation of the people in the Eastern Region. The study recommends that PCEA should improve on the management and supervision of its institutions to ensure they serve the purpose for which they were established.
Assessment of the socio-political and economic impact of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa in the Eastern region from 1915 to 2022
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-09-20) Lucy Muthoni Mwindi; Dickson Nkonge Kagema(2); Caroline Mucece Kithinji
The study sought to determine the impact of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa in the Eastern Region from 1915 to 2022. PCEA was introduced in the Eastern Region by the Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) in 1915. The Eastern Region was the third mission area after Kikuyu and Tumutumu. Their mission strategy was holistic in nature, combining evangelism, education, medical and industrial work. Since its inception, PCEA has been involved in transforming the socio-political and economic lives of people in the Eastern Region. There is a paucity of scholarly work on the impact of other missionaries like the Methodists, the Roman Catholics and the Anglicans in Meru, but that of PCEA is conspicuously missing. Thus, there is a need for this kind of study. Data was collected by descriptive survey research design. Data was collected and analysed from 376 church members, 53 church ministers and 9 presbytery moderators. The study established that PCEA has had both negative and positive impacts on the transformation of the people in the Eastern Region. The study recommends that PCEA should improve on the management and supervision of its institutions to ensure they serve the purpose for which they were established.
PSYC 461: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 1
(chuka university, 2024-12-17) chuka university

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