Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.chuka.ac.ke/handle/chuka/239

Browse

Browsing Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 72
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    CDEV 0141: PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
    (0023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    CDEV 00150: RESEARCH METHODS
    (0023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A History of Social Exclusion and Poverty of the Thagichu of Igembe Sub - County, Meru County from 1907 to 1962
    (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, 2016-08) Kithinji, Caroline Mucece, Okelo,David O. and Kaburi, Muriungi Colomba
    This study is on social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu of Igembe Sub - County, Meru County in Kenya from 1907 to1962. The study traces the history of social exclusion of the Thagichu from the colonial epoch of the years1907 to 1962. Kenyan Government strategies towards alleviation of social exclusion and poverty between 2013 1nd 2015 are also explored. The study was guided by the theories of Underdevelopment, Materialistic Conception of History and Social Darwinism. The study employed the descriptive research design. Data was collected from oral, archival and secondary sources. A total of 50 people were purposively sampled and interviewed. Data from oral sources was corroborated with data from archival and secondary sources. The major findings of this research are that the Thagichu have been socially excluded by the colonial Government. This exclusion was noted in inadequate infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals and lack of access to social services like banks compared to other areas of Meru County. The study also established that the government has come up with strategies that could help in tackling social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu. Such strategies are building more educational facilities, provision of free primary and day secondary education, adult and continuing education, non-formal education and provision of educational funds through the constituency development fund and Affirmative Action Social Development Fund. Other strategies aimed at poverty alleviation are establishment of road networks, land adjudication, presence of NGOs, provision of formal employment, Health facilities, growth of an urban centre and Provision of electricity. This study has contributed to the Thagichu historiography
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Theological Education in Africa in Focus: Challenges and Opportunities for the African Church as it Moves to the Future
    (ScholarsAcademicand Scientific Publishers, 2018-09-29) Kagema,Dickson Nkonge
    The future of the African Church looks bright with its tremendousnumerical growth, but careful assessment shows that it is failing to match numerical growth withthe development ofitspersonnel. Usingthe Anglican Church of Kenya as an example, this study shows that the African Church is in crisis due to the lack of enough qualified personnel to lead it. If the Church in Africa is thinking about itsfuture it must think of the theological education through which its leaders areequipped. The African Church currently has a feeble theological education system; characterized by unviable theological institutions, irrelevant curricula, low enrollment, and unqualified theological tutors among other challenges. For the African Church to take the right path as it moves to the future, it must revitalize its theological education system so as to prepare a sufficient number of well-equipped leaders to match the rapidly changing African society.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Masculinity in Margaret Ogola’s The River and The Source and I Swear by Apollo
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Hawala, Anne Atieno
    There has been extensive literary research on gender in Kenya and Africa in general. A lot of these literary scholarships has tended to ignore male characters by concentrating on highlighting the woman and her struggle for emancipation from male dominance which has relegated the male character to the periphery. The research has attempted to fill this gap by exploring patriarchal expectation of masculinity and masculinity transformation in Margaret Ogola’s The River and the Source and I Swear by Apollo. It has been guided by two objectives: To interrogate traditional conception of masculinity and to examine how Ogola represents the transformation of masculinities in these texts. Hegemonic masculinity and African feminism theories have been used, whereby Conservative hegemonic masculinity enhanced understanding of the society’s view and expectation of the male gender as dictated by traditions and culture that perpetuate patriarchy while the reformed hegemonic masculinity aided in distinguishing men who have embraced changes. African feminism helped in the need to consider universal conditions that the African man and woman have experienced other than concentrating only on gender issues. The literature review showed the importance of the research because it revealed that the male gender has often been viewed universally as the oppressor of the woman resulting to her subsequent subjugation that leads to the men being undermined and stereotyped by society. Qualitative research design has been used to elicit response and understanding of research area. Whereby an in-depth analysis of the primary texts has been done to show how Ogola has presented her male characters in order to determine the various constructions of masculinities. The data from the primary texts has been analysed as per the stated objectives. The study is encased in six chapters. Chapter one includes background to the study that highlights the problem, objectives of the study and research questions. Literature review and theoretical framework are in chapter two and methodology and ethical considerations in chapter three. Figuring of traditional conception has been interrogated in chapter four while subverted masculinity discussed in chapter five. The findings in chapter six have shown that traditional conception of masculinity yielded idealization of the male gender while some men conformed to patriarchal expectations; a move that resulted to their entrapment. The presence of feminine men has also been noted. Subverted masculinity discussion has exhibited men who have no patriarchal tendencies, men releasing power at different levels and men who either fully or partially support women. Recommendation for further research on discourse of language as a literary tool in masculinity transformation and use of style to implement change in society’s perception of the male gender in texts studied were made. The research is important because it will augment debate on gender studies not only by literary scholars but also development partners on the importance of including men in gender discussions to enhance social growth and development.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A History of Khat Production and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Siakago Sub County, Embu County-Kenya From 1980 To 2018
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Kithinji, Mary Anne Wanja
    Before diversification into Khat production in Siakago, most of the households were engaged in subsistence farming activities. The agricultural sector was performing poorly being a semi-arid area raising a serious concern. The area was characterized by poor households and was unable to meet their most basic needs, low productivity, subsistence farming as well as deprivation of social infrastructure. Diversification into Khat production in Siakago Division was aimed at improving the socio economic lives of the households which it seemed not to have achieved, since the area is still charactelized as a food insecure zone, poor households and deprivation of social infrastructure.This study sought to explore the Socio -economic impacts Khat production on rural households of Siakago division from 1980 to 2018. The study traced the history of Khat production in Siakago division between 1980 and 2018, examined the social and economic activities of the people of Siakago division before introduction of Khat and examined the social and economic impacts of Khat production on rural households of Siakago Division from 1980 to 2018. The study was guided by the theory of articulation mode of production. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 380 people who were Khat producers in Siakago division. A total of 196 people were randomly sampled and interviewed from 6 sub location. The instruments to collect data were interview schedule, focus group discussion and observation schedule. Secondary data was collected from archival, oral sources and secondary sources. Khat existed in Siakago long enough before it was discovered, used and cultivated for economic purposes. Khat adoption and commercialization in Siakago occurred within a decade and by 1980, the crop had spread in many areas altering the previous form of production. The adoption of khat production was as a result of its economic benefits attached to its sale. The support by the government on khat production by 1980 was a means of agricultural diversification in the area. This was aimed at making the area self-sufficient in terms of agricultural production. The people of Siakago grew food crops for subsistence use while Khat is the main cash crops grown. Labour was provided collectively and shared among men and women in the family. Production was mainly aimed at curbing food insecurity. The Siakago people engaged in trading activities to exchange for what they did not produce. The study finally concludes that khat production had both social and economic impacts among producing households. The previous communal land ownership was replaced with a more centralized and formal one for people to own their specific khat farms. Khat production and use resulted in extinction of social relations and gender roles as men spent much time in khat chewing joints. School-going pupils were absorbed by khat farms to provide cheap labour for cheap money thus dropping out of school. The previous decentralized trading methods were replaced with a more centralized one characterized by central trading centres. It is hoped that the study may help the government devise better policies that can promote the living standards of the people in the area.. The results of the study may also provide empirical data that can be utilized by other scholars in carrying out related studies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Muundo wa Sentensi ya Kiigembe: Mtazamo wa Eksibaa
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Mutwiri, Fred John; Mutwiri, Fred John
    Sintaksia ni taaluma inayojihusisha na uchambuzi wa miundo ya sentensi. Utafiti huu ulichanganua muundo wa sentensi ya Kîîgembe katika taaluma ya sintaksia. Kati ya vipashio vinavyotumika katika taaluma ya kisintaksia ni kama vile, kirai na kishazi ambavyo ndivyo vijenzi vya sentensi. Kîîgembe huzungumzwa katika maeneo ya kiutawala ya Igembe ya Kati, Igembe Kaskazini na Igembe Kusini katika Kaunti ya Meru, Kenya. Mwauo wa Maandishi ulibainisha kuwa, hakuna utafiti uliofanywa kuhusu muundo wa sentensi ya Kîîgembe kwa mtazamo wa Eksibaa. Malengo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa; kueleza miundo ya virai na kufafanua miundo ya vishazi vya sentensi ya Kîîgembe kwa mujibu wa Nadharia ya Eksibaa. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Eksibaa iliyoasisiwa na Chomsky. Nadharia hii hubainisha virai na kuonyesha mpangilio wa viambajengo mbalimbali katika kategoria ya sintaksia. Kwa hivyo, nadharia hii ilifaa utafiti huu kwa kufafanua aina za virai na mpangilio wa kategoria za viambajengo mbalimbali katika sentensi ya Kîîgembe. Katika Nadharia ya Eksibaa, kirai ni kipashio cha muundo chenye neno moja au zaidi lakini kisicho na muundo wa kikundi nomino na kikundi tenzi. Kwa hivyo, ilifaa katika kueleza vipashio vya sentensi ya Kîîgembe na kuchanganua muundo wake. Data ya utafiti huu ilikuwa sentensi za Kîîgembe ambazo mtafiti alizipata nyanjani na pia mtafiti kuzalisha mwenyewe kutokana na umilisi wake kama mzawa wa lahaja hii. Utafiti huu ulibainisha miundo tofauti ya sentensi za Kîîgembe na kubainisha sheria zinazotawala uunganishwaji wa vipashio vinavyojaliza sentensi ya Kîîgembe. Data ya utafiti huu ilikuwa sentensi za Kîîgembe mia na ishirini zilizotumika katika uchanganuzi wa utafiti huu, sentensi hizo zilijumuisha; sentensi sahili, sentensi ambatano na sentensi changamano. Kwa hivyo, kila aina ya sentensi ilichanganuliwa kwa sentensi arubaini. Katika awamu ya uchanganuzi wa data, utafiti huu ulichanganua miundo ya virai kama vile; virai nomino, virai vielezi, virai vivumishi, virai tenzi na virai vihusishi huku ikibainika kuwa kulingana na Nadharia ya Eksibaa, sentensi ya Kîîgembe ina miundo anuai ya virai vyake. Aidha, utafiti huu ulichanganua aina za vishazi kama vile vishazi tegemezi ambavyo huwakilishwa na vitambulisho vifuatavyo; nkîthîrwa, nûntû bwa, rîrîa, kinya kwethîrwa, nî kenda na kethîrwa. Vishazi huru na vishazi viambatani vimefafanuliwa miundo yake pia na kuonyesha jinsi kichwa humiliki viambajengo vingine ili kuunda sentensi mbalimbali. Viambajengo hivi viliweza kuchanganuliwa kwa lengo la kufanikisha muundo wa sentensi ya Kîîgembe. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalibainisha isimu miundo kwa kubainisha muundo wa sentensi ya Kîîgembe. Pia, utafiti huu unaweza kusaidia lugha za Kibantu kufanyiwa utafiti zaidi kwani lahaja ya Kîîgembe inaweza kutoa mwanga kuhusu lugha za Kibantu. Aidha, ulisaidia kuhifadhi Kîîgembe katika maandishi.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Unyambulishaji wa Vitenzi Katika Kigĩchũgũ
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Gituru, Magdalene Wangu
    Unyambulishaji wa vitenzi ni mojawapo ya masuala yanayoshughulikiwa katika taaluma ya mofolojia katika lugha nyingi za Kiafrika. Mofolojia ni tawi la isimu linaloshughulikia umbo la ndani la neno ambalo hujishughulisha na unyambulishaji wa vitenzi. Vitenzi ni maneno ambayo lazima yawepo katika sentensi ili ikamilike kimaana. Utafiti huu umeshughulikia unyambulishaji wa vitenzi vya Kigĩchũgũ kwa malengo ya kufafanua mifanyiko inayohusika katika utaratibu wa unyambulishaji wa vitenzi katika Kigĩchũgũ na kutathmini kanuni zinazoruhusu au kuzuia mifanyiko hiyo ya unyambulishaji. Katika uainishaji wa Guthrie, Kigĩchũgũ ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kiafrika ambayo hudhihirisha unyambulishaji. Kigĩchũgũ kinawekwa katika kundi la E hasa katika E51 linalojumuisha lugha za Kibantu ambazo zimeimarika katika mofolojia ya uundaji na unyambulishaji wa vitenzi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia ya Mofolojia Leksia iliyoasisiwa na Kiparsky na kuendelezwa na Katamba na Stonham, yaani mihimili ya Ngazi Leksia, Kufuta Mabano, Kuhifadhi Muundo, Kwingineko na Mzunguko Sheria. Nadharia ya Mofolojia Leksia ni nadharia zalishi na nyambulishi. Nadharia ya Mofolojia Leksia huonyesha uhusiano wa sheria zinazojenga maumbo ya kimofolojia na sheria zinazodhibiti namna maumbo haya yanavyotamkwa. Kanuni ya Kioo kwa mujibu wa Baker pia iliongoza utafiti huu kwani inaeleza kuwa unyambulishaji wa vitenzi katika lugha za Kibantu hufuata mpangilio maalum wa unyambulishaji. Data ya sampuli ya vitenzi vya Kigĩchũgũ ilitumika katika utafiti ambapo mtafiti alizalisha kimaksudi vitenzi sitini (60) kutokana na sentensi za Kigĩchũgũ ambavyo vilitumika katika utafiti kwa kuwa ana uelewa na umilisi wa Kigĩchũgũ. Mtafiti alienda nyanjani katika kata za Kabare, Baragwi, Karumandi, Ngariama na Njukini. Kata hizi zilichaguliwa kimaksudi kwani zina wazungumzaji halisi wa Kigĩchũgũ. Vitenzi hivi viliwekwa katika kauli sita za unyambulishaji na kuainisha mifanyiko inayohusika katika utaratibu wa unyambulishaji kwa kutumia jedwali la mnyambuliko wa vitenzi. Maana zinazowakilishwa na maumbo ya unyambulishaji pia zilijadiliwa. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa Kigĩchũgũ ni lugha ambishi kwani huchukua viambishi awali na tamati. Upachikaji wa viambishi tamati katika vitenzi vya Kigĩchũgũ ulichangia katika kuongeza maana za vitenzi. Matokeo ya utafiti pia yalionyesha kuwa Kigĩchũgũ hukubali mifuatano ya viambishi nyambulishi viwili, vitatu na hata vinne. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatachangia katika kuongeza maarifa ya kiutafiti yanayohusu sarufi ya Kigĩchũgũ. Aidha, yatasaidia kuhifadhi Kigĩchũgũ kama mojawapo ya lugha za Kiafrika katika maandishi. Utafiti pia utachangia katika kuwanufaisha watafiti wa baadaye watakaoshughulikia Kigĩchũgũ.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Factors Influencing Performance of Income Generating Enterprises Owned by Youth Living with Disabilities in Chuka/Igamba Ng'ombe Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Mutunga, Carolyne N.
    ncome generating enterprises aim at reducing unemployment which is one of the serious problems affecting the youth living with disabilities (YLWD) in Kenya. The Kenyan government has made efforts through various development funds to enhance youth living with disability to engage in income generating enterprises. Despite the interventions, many enterprises owned by youth living with disability face several challenges in their operations. Previous studies indicate that majority of the enterprises fail within the first few months of operation. The purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing the performance of income generating enterprises for YLWD in Chuka/Igambang‟ombe Sub-County, Kenya. The study‟s objectives were to; determine the influence of entrepreneurial training, establish the influence of credit access and determine the influence of characteristics of youth living with disabilities on the performance of youth living with disability income generating enterprises. The target population for the study was 76 YLWD who own income generating enterprises. The study was a census survey where data was collected from all the respondents because they were few in number. The research used descriptive survey design and was guided by critical disability theory. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Validity of the instrument was ensured through expert judgment. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of computer statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Results of the study indicated that entrepreneurship training, access to credit and entrepreneurial characteristics significantly affect performance of income generating enterprises owned by YLWD. Conclusion was made thatentrepreneurship training, access to credit and personal characteristics such marital status, education level and gender play an important role in performance of income generating enterprises owned by YLWD.The recommendations of the study were that;the government should roll out entrepreneurship training programmes targeting the YLWD, redesign credit programmes to overcome the barriers faced by the YLWD when accessing credit on individual basis from financial institutions and more entrepreneurial programs, workshops and affirmative actions should be enhanced to ensure equitable distribution of knowledge and skills among YLWD who own income generating Enterprises.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Factors Influencing Performance of Income Generating Enterprises Owned By Youth Living With Disabilities in Chuka/Igambang’ombe Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Mutunga, Carolyne Ndunge
    Income generating enterprises aim at reducing unemployment which is one of the serious problems affecting the youth living with disabilities (YLWD) in Kenya. The Kenyan government has made efforts through various development funds to enhance youth living with disability to engage in income generating enterprises. Despite the interventions, many enterprises owned by youth living with disability face several challenges in their operations. Previous studies indicate that majority of the enterprises fail within the first few months of operation. The purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing the performance of income generating enterprises for YLWD in Chuka/Igambang‟ombe Sub-County, Kenya. The study‟s objectives were to; determine the influence of entrepreneurial training, establish the influence of credit access and determine the influence of characteristics of youth living with disabilities on the performance of youth living with disability income generating enterprises. The target population for the study was 76 YLWD who own income generating enterprises. The study was a census survey where data was collected from all the respondents because they were few in number. The research used descriptive survey design and was guided by critical disability theory. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Validity of the instrument was ensured through expert judgment. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of computer statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). Results of the study indicated that entrepreneurship training, access to credit and entrepreneurial characteristics significantly affect performance of income generating enterprises owned by YLWD. Conclusion was made thatentrepreneurship training, access to credit and personal characteristics such marital status, education level and gender play an important role in performance of income generating enterprises owned by YLWD.The recommendations of the study were that;the government should roll out entrepreneurship training programmes targeting the YLWD, redesign credit programmes to overcome the barriers faced by the YLWD when accessing credit on individual basis from financial institutions and more entrepreneurial programs, workshops and affirmative actions should be enhanced to ensure equitable distribution of knowledge and skills among YLWD who own income generating Enterprises.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    MIKAKATI YA KUAFIKIA ULINGANIFU WA MAANA KATIKA TAFSIRI YA KIFASIHI: TATHMINI YA TAFSIRI ZA KAZI MBILI TEULE ZA BARBARA KIMENYE
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) KAMUNDI, JANEROSE I.
    Ulinganifu, usahihi pamoja na uwazi ni vipengee muhimu vya kuchunguzia kazi za fasihi tafsiri. Utafiti huu ulilenga kutafiti ulinganifu katika mtiririko wa kazi mbili teule za Kimenye (1968): Moses in Trouble na Moses and the Ghost zilizotafsiriwa ili kubainisha umuhimu wa kutumia mikakati mwafaka ya kutafsiri tamathali za usemi na nomino za pekee ili kupata tafsiri wasilifu. Utafiti huu ulijibu maswali kuhusu mikakati iliyotumiwa kutafsiri tamathali mbalimbali ili kubainisha ulinganifu katika tafsiri za Matundura (2013): Musa Mashakani na Musa na Pepo na kuhusu ulinganifu na usahihi katika tafsiri za nomino za pekee katika tafsiri za Musa Mashakani na Musa na Pepo. Katika kuyajibu maswali haya, mifano ilitolewa kutoka kwenye tafsiri za Matundura (2013): Musa Mashakani na Musa na Pepo na matini zake za Kiingereza za Kimenye (1968): Moses in Trouble na Moses and the Ghost. Msururu wa Musa uliteuliwa kwa kuwa umeandikwa na mwandishi mmoja na kutafsiriwa na mtafsiri mmoja. Kwa hivyo kuna uthabiti kwa upande wa mwandishi na mtafsiri. Aidha, huu ndio msururu wa pekee kuwahi kutafsiriwa kutoka lugha ya Kiingereza hadi Kiswahili. Sababu ya kuteua Musa Mashakani na Musa na Pepo ni kuwa kazi hizi zimesheheni tamathali za usemi na hivyo mtafiti alitazamia kupata data ya kutosha kuweza kuafikia madhumuni ya utafiti. Aidha kazi hizi hazijafanyiwa utafiti. Nadharia ya Ulinganifu ilitumiwa kuchunguza matini mbili za Kimenye (1968) zilizoteuliwa kama kielelezo. Utafiti huu ulifanyika maktabani. Data ilichanganuliwa kwa mbinu elezi kwani ilikuwa data ya nathari. Sampuli ilikuwa vitabu vinne vilivyoteuliwa kuwakilisha vingine: viwili vilivyoandikwa kwa Kiingereza na tafsiri zao za Kiswahili. Uteuzi huu ulifanywa kimakusudi kwa kuwa msururu mzima una wahusika walewale, mandhari haibadiliki ila matukio tu ndiyo tofauti. Vifaa vilivyotumika kukusanyia data kutoka kwa sampuli vilikuwa matini mbili za Kimenye (1968): Moses in Trouble na Moses and the Ghost pamoja na tafsiri zao za Matundura (2013): Musa Mashakani na Musa na Pepo. Utafiti huu uligundua kwamba mikakati ya kutafsiri tamathali za usemi hutumiwa kimwingiliano ili kuweza kuhamisha ujumbe usio na dosari. Ilibainika pia kuwa mikakati inayotumika kutafsiri nomino za pekee kutoka lugha ya Kiingereza hadi Kiswahili hutegemea mchango wa nomino husika katika matini. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yataifaidi taaluma ya fasihi tafsiri kwa kuwapa wasomi wa tafsiri mwongozo wa kurejelea watakapokuwa wakifanya tafiti zao. Vilevile matokeo ya uchunguzi huu yatakuwa muhimu kwa watafsiri chipukizi kwa kuwapa mwongozo kuhusu mikakati ya kutafsiri tamathali za usemi hasa istiari, tashbihi na nahau.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Spatial Variation in Adoption of Rainwater Harvesting Techniques in Meru County, Kenya.
    (Chuka University, 2019-09) Mbogori, Agnes Karwitha
    Rainwater harvesting has been used to address water shortage in various regions. The harvested rainwater is used for domestic purposes, irrigation and agricultural processing. Various technologies have been used over time with improvements on the old technologies as well as introduction of new technologies. Rainwater harvesting systems can be constructed with inexpensive locally available materials. People use tanks attached to roofs, caves, earth dams, underground trenches among others. However, despite the economic viability and potential of RWH techniques for improving agriculture and livelihoods, the adoption of RWH techniques by farmers is not adequate. This calls for an examination and evaluation of socio-economic factors that influence the spatial variation in the adoption of rainwater harvesting techniques in the region. A large part of Buuri Sub-County of Meru County is dry and falls in the rain shadow of Mt. Kenya with no permanent rivers and with few community-based water projects, thereby posing a great shortage of water. Like in other hot and dry parts of Kenya, rainwater harvesting has been intensively promoted in Buuri Sub-County to meet domestic needs, irrigation and other purposes. The study was guided by three objectives: (1) To investigate whether the residents of Buuri Sub-County engage in rainwater harvesting, (2) to investigate which rainwater harvesting techniques are used in Buuri Sub-County, and (3) to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the spatial variation in the adoption of rainwater harvesting techniques in the area. The study was an adoption study of descriptive survey design. The target population was 2503 homesteads in Buuri Sub-County, and a sample size of 101 respondents was selected through purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used as the instruments of data collection. Qualitative data obtained was analysed thematically. The quantitative data obtained from the study was analysed using Chi-Square tests, Pearson correlation, t-tests, one way ANOVA, and binary logistical regression. The study revealed that there was inadequate harvested rainwater despite wide adoption of rainwater harvesting (95% of the farmers), with tanks not exceeding 4000 litres highly utilised. This could be attributed to a general lack of awareness on other appropriate rainwater harvesting technologies. Additionally, the findings showed that age, academic qualification, and occupation influenced the respondents’ choices of rainwater harvesting technologies. The study revealed that the two regions chosen i.e: Kamutune and Kiirua had a slight difference in adoption of RWHTS, which was 93.5% and 97.8% respectively. Based on these findings, the study recommends the intervention of Rainwater Harvesting Techniques through infrastructural development, financial incentives, and awareness creation to popularise the adoption of alternative techniques of rainwater harvesting for commercial, domestic, and agricultural purposes by the residents of Buuri Sub-County.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    MATERIALISM IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF EAST AFRICA: A CASE OF KIENI WEST PRESBYTERY
    (Chuka University, 2019-12) NJERU PHINIUS, PRESTON
    The Church teaches its adherents against being so much attached to material possessions than the spiritual welfare. Nevertheless, the tendency of the Church moving towards materialism is apparent. This is evident in Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), especially in Kieni West Presbytery where materialistic tendencies are slowly gaining roots into the Church. This study investigated Materialism in PCEA Kieni West Presbytery. It sought to investigate the manifestations of materialism; establish the causes of materialism and underscore the effects of materialism in Kieni West Presbytery. Literature was reviewed on the meaning, history, manifestations, causes and effects of materialism. Descriptive survey research design was employed to carry out this study. The target population was 3280 church members in Kieni West Presbytery, from which a sample of 346 respondents was gotten. Data collection was mainly done through questionnaires and observation methods. The analyzed data was presented using tables, piecharts, and descriptions. The findings were that materialism is real in Kieni West Presbytery and it is manifested in various ways such as Monetary gains coming before evangelization; Striving for material satisfaction; Blessings measured in terms of material possessions; emphasis on prosperity gospel; Church leadership given to those with possessions; Material gains superseding spiritual benefits and Happiness interpreted in terms of material possessions. The causes of materialism are: need for self satisfaction; need to improve one’s wellbeing; greed; search for happiness; money activities preceding spiritual activities; struggle for power and influence; too much value attached to material riches; Lack of theological articulation on materialism; Corruption; and Lack of proper teaching on materialism. Materialism has numerous effects in PCEA Kieni West Presbytery including Moral decay; Spiritual decay; Prosperity Gospel; Individualism; Preoccupation to money; Social injustices; Loss of Church’s authority and focus; Corruption; Disharmony and Church leadership wrangles. This study was guided by the theory of McMurtry (1978) that says the acquisitive desires have become associated with the term materialism. The Church has a role to play in curbing Materialism. This can be done through Christians being role models; teaching where the Church should teach against materialism; having theological debates on the challenge of materialism and making use of the African culture when dealing with the problem of materialism. The study recommended that the Church should continue teaching its followers on materialism, the Church should concentrate on preaching about Jesus Christ rather than focusing so much on money and inculturation should be done by the Church in Kieni West Presbytery where the Church should use the African culture as it spreads the gospel of Christ.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON CRIME COMMISSION: A CASE STUDY OF THIKA WEST SUBCOUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA
    (Chuka University, 2020-11) OMONYA, KENNETH SETH
    There exists substantial evidence that a likely offender’s decision making on places to offend depends on his or her assessment of the place. The assessment can be in terms of physical facilities, social features or guardianship measures that exist in such a neighborhood. Their existence in a geographical space makes it possible for a probable offender either to commit or not commit crime in such a place. In Kenya, few studies have been done on the influence of facilities, clusters, social and physical characteristics on crime commission. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate neighborhood characteristics and their influence on crime commission in Kiambu County. Thika West Sub-county in Kiambu County was purposively sampled because Kiambu County is ranked highest in crime prevalence for the year 2015 and 2016 in the country and ranked second for the year 2017 and 2018. For the four consecutive years, Thika West Sub-county accounted for the highest crime rates reported in Kiambu County. Additionally, the Sub-county police report for the year 2018 indicates that a few places accounted for the most crimes in Thika West Sub-county. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study was guided by rational choice theory and social disorganization theory. The target population was 245,820 subjects comprising of the business owners, security agents and area residents within the three locations of Thika West Sub-county. The study utilized a sample size of 400 respondents. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents that were included in the study sample. Three chiefs from the three locations and Deputy County Commander (DCC) were purposively included in the study sample as security agents. The instrument of collecting data was the questionnaire which was pilot-tested in Ruiru Sub-county. The instruments’ reliability was tested using Cronbanch’s alpha reliability coefficient. The correlation coefficient for physical facilities’ reliability was 0.741, for guardianship was 0.743 and 0.720 for social interactions. Methods of analyzing data used for descriptive were frequencies and percentages. The inferential statistics were analyzed using categorical regression and linear regression analysis. The analysis was facilitated by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. It was found that there exists a positive significant relationship between physical facilities existing in the neighborhoods and crime commission. The study revealed that there exists a negative significant relationship between guardianship of a place and crime commission. It was concluded that there exists a negative significant relationship between social interactions of people and crime commission. The government as the manager in security sector benefits from the findings of this study as it is enlightened on various crime generators and attractors. This helps in resource allocations to the security sector in the fight against crime. Thus the National Security Council would be able to improve the existing policies in security sector. The findings of the study are beneficial to urban planners in planning for urban built environment. The findings of this study are valuable to researchers and scholars, as they form the basis of further research and assist in academic purposes by providing general knowledge in the area of crime commission.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A HISTORY OF REPRESENTATIVE POLITICS AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KADIMO CLAN OF YIMBO IN SIAYA COUNTY, KENYA, FROM 1896 -1963.
    (Chuka University, 2020-11) RICHARD, OLWANDE ODO. A
    This study is about a history of representative politics and the socio-economic development of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo in Siaya county, Kenya, from 1896 to 1963. The study is guided by three objectives; to examine the evolution of representative politics of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo between 1896 and 1963, to determine the new forms of representative politics of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo from the onset of colonialism and to establish the influence of representative politics on socio-economic development of the Kadimo people during the colonial period. The assumptions of the study were that the history of representative politics of the Kadimo clan could be traced from the period 1896 when the British sent a messenger to Oloo of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo that they wished to make him the first colonial chief of the Yimbo people, that new forms of representative politics emerged among the Kadimo clan of Yimbo after 1896 and that lack of political representation affected socio-economic development of the Kadimo people during the colonial period. The study used Postcolonial and Underdevelopment theories to examine the history of representative politics and its socio-economic development of the Kadimo clan. Methodologically, the study used descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Yimbo, Siaya county. The respondents were purposively sampled using a snowballing technique. The study targeted 6, 210 Kadimo people in Usigu as per the 2019 census. The sample size was 30 respondents drawn from Usigu for interviews. The sources of data included: oral sources, archival sources and secondary sources, and were corroborated to meet the reliability and objectivity of the research. Data was collected through oral interviews and focus group discussions. The study analysed and presented data through Qualitative Data Analysis. The findings of the study discussed in chapters four, five and six were as follows; Jo-Kadimo found people of Bantu origin in Yimbo on their arrival and lived among them; Dholuo became the lingua franca in Yimbo; Kadimo homestead had many huts and they were polygamist; they practised mixed farming and there was a chief council called Buch Piny; Dimo was the first ruoth; the first colonial chief was appointed in 1902; there were conspiracies to remove incumbent representatives from office; there were no schools in the location until 1928 when Usenge School was built; there no health centres in the location and the Yimbo people hated to pay taxes to the colonial government. Chapter seven provides discussion on the summary, conclusion and recommendations of the research. The study has contributed to the historiography of the Kadimo clan.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    EFFECT OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON ADOPTION OF INDIGENOUS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN CHUKA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
    (Chuka University, 2020-12) OOGA, DENNIS MONG’ARE
    Indigenous agricultural practices (IAPs) are environmentally and agriculturally sustainable. Among the widely applied IAPs include crop rotation, agroforestry, intercropping, organic manure application, and minimum tillage. A lot of research has been conducted to reveal the determinants of adoption levels of modern technologies among smallholder farmers. However, little literature exists relating to the effect of socio-economic factors on the adoption levels of IAPs in Kenya. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of farm characteristics, access to credit, and access to advisory services on the adoption levels of IAPs in Chuka sub-county. A descriptive correlational design was utilized to collect and analyze data. The study targeted a population of 22,400 smallholder farmers involving a sample of 100 participants. Cluster sampling technique was applied to select farmers from three clusters; Mugwe, Karingani, and Magumoni Wards. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized as a data collection tool. A pilot study was conducted in Muthambi Ward to generate data which aided in the checking and improvement of validity of the research instrument. Reliability of the research instrument items was estimated through Cronbach alpha coefficients. The alpha values of the variables were: adoption of IAPs (α = 0.68), both farm income and land tenure (α = 0.84), access to credit (α = 0.66) while that of access to advisory services was 0.89. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS. V.22) was applied to generate both inferential (simple Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression) and descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation) statistics for analyzing data. The findings indicated that there was a substantial, positive significant effect of land tenure and access to advisory services on the adoption of IAPs (p = 0.01). Farm income had a negative, significant effect on the adoption of IAPs (p = 0.01) while that of access to credit was positive, though statistically significantly, was weak (p = 0.01). Farm income and land tenure jointly accounted for 30% of the variation in the adoption level of IAPs. The adoption level of IAPs was still moderate given the low frequency of application by many smallholder farmers. Therefore, the study recommended that the county government and the ministry of agriculture should give sufficient support to agricultural extension programs, strengthen land tenure systems, sensitize farmers on the importance of IAPs, and make credits more accessible to farmers so as to increase the adoption of IAPs.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHODS USED BY THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY IN CHOGORIA ARCHDEACONRY, MERU DIOCESE
    (Chuka University, 2020-12) KAIMURI, FRIDAH JOSEPH
    Poverty continues to be the main challenge of human existence in many parts of the world. In Africa, it is the main source of agony among individuals and communities. In Kenya it continues to influence people’s lives negatively as the majority lack the basic essentials of life including food, clothing, shelter, education and healthcare among others. In Chogoria Archdeaconry, poverty has continued to affect people’s lives as most of the residents continue to struggle for their survival. In response to this, the Church in Kenya, especially the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK), has endeavored to fight the scourge as part of her mission to the society. This study undertook to examine the effectiveness of the methods used by ACK in alleviating poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry. The ACK has been involved in the fight against poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry using various methods since its inception in 1974. Despite the Church’s efforts to alleviate poverty, this community is beset with immense poverty as evidenced by the fact that people lack the basic human needs and services. This justified the need for such a study as there is need to underscore why poverty is persistent despite the church’s effort to alleviate it. The study was guided by three objectives namely to investigate reasons for the persistence of poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry regardless of Church’s efforts to alleviate it, to determine the effectiveness of methods used by the church in her fight against poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry, and to establish ways of making the methods used to alleviate poverty more effective. The study will add to the existing knowledge in religious studies and other related disciplines. The study was guided by the broad theory of psycho-social approach which was developed by Paulo Freire in 1968 which emphasizes that development should be seen as an improvement of quality of life. It was conducted in ACK Chogoria Archdeaconry, in the diocese of Meru. The Archdeaconry covers the administrative jurisdiction of Maara Sub- County in Tharaka Nithi County and the area has a population of 107,125 people. Data was collected from a sample size of 384 respondents. The study used descriptive research design and the sampling method used was simple random sampling for community members and purposive sampling technique for church members and archdeaconry leaders. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires, interviews and observation. Data was analyzed and findings presented using descriptive statistics. The study found that there are various reasons for persistent poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry which include wealth acquisition rather than quality of life, leadership and corruption, the gap between the rich and the poor, unequal distribution of resources, agricultural conditions, lack of education, unemployment, dependency, laziness and drunkenness. The study revealed that the methods used to alleviate poverty include education, Anglican Development Services, Capacity building, Church and Community Mobilization Process and Microfinance. It further revealed that some of the methods used by ACK to alleviate poverty are not effective and that all these methods need to be improved so as to alleviate poverty in Chogoria Archdeaconry.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING PROGRAMMES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUTH OWNED ENTERPRISES IN THE CASE OF LAIKIPIA EAST SUB COUNTY, LAIKIPIA COUNTY
    (Chuka University, 2020-12) Mweresah, Benson Mukangulah
    Youth enterprises play an important role in facilitating socio-economic development through job creation. Entrepreneurship training programs aim at equipping the youth with valuable skills such as critical thinking, decision making, leadership, team work and innovation which enhance better performance in entrepreneurial activities. Although various organizations have developed and implemented such training programmes, there is evidence that many of these enterprises collapse after a short period of time. This necessitated the need to investigate the influence of entrepreneurship training programmes on the performance of youth owned enterprises in Laikipia East Sub County. The objectives of the study were to: establish types of entrepreneurship training and their influence, determine the influence of institutional resource capacity and determine how stakeholders’ participation in training programmes development influenced performance of youth enterprises in Laikipia East Sub County. Descriptive survey design was used. The study population was 1450 respondents. The accessible population was youth engaged in entrepreneurship and officials from training institutions. A sample size of 350 respondents was used according to the table of sample size estimation by Isaac & Michael. Simple random was used in identifying trained youth while purposive sampling technique was applied on training providers. Data was collected using questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data was analyzed using chi square test to determine independence between the variables with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Qualitative data was analyzed using themes and narratives. Results were presented in graphs and tables. Results established that there were significant relationships between entrepreneurship training types and performance of youth enterprises (p-value 0.0001), institutional resource capacity of training providers and performance of youth enterprises (p-value 0.0024) and stakeholders participation in development of training programmes and performance of youth enterprises (p-value 0.0000). In conclusion, the study has shown that training programs have a lasting positive impact on youth enterprises, and specifically when having the input of stakeholders in coming up with these programmes. As long as these enterprises continue to absorb huge number of unemployed youth, sustaining their effectiveness is unavoidable. As recommendations therefore, more training programs should be availed as various approaches are used to disseminate information about the intended training, use of technology and availing adequate training materials and qualified personnel should be adopted to ensure intended results of the training programmes are achieved. Increased engagement and consultation with stakeholders should be up scaled.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A HISTORY OF REPRESENTATIVE POLITICS AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KADIMO CLAN OF YIMBO IN SIAYA COUNTY, KENYA, FROM 1896 -1963.
    (Chuka University, 2020-12) ODO, RICHARD OLWANDE
    This study is about a history of representative politics and the socio-economic development of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo in Siaya county, Kenya, from 1896 to 1963. The study is guided by three objectives; to examine the evolution of representative politics of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo between 1896 and 1963, to determine the new forms of representative politics of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo from the onset of colonialism and to establish the influence of representative politics on socio-economic development of the Kadimo people during the colonial period. The assumptions of the study were that the history of representative politics of the Kadimo clan could be traced from the period 1896 when the British sent a messenger to Oloo of the Kadimo clan of Yimbo that they wished to make him the first colonial chief of the Yimbo people, that new forms of representative politics emerged among the Kadimo clan of Yimbo after 1896 and that lack of political representation affected socio-economic development of the Kadimo people during the colonial period. The study used Postcolonial and Underdevelopment theories to examine the history of representative politics and its socio-economic development of the Kadimo clan. Methodologically, the study used descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Yimbo, Siaya county. The respondents were purposively sampled using a snowballing technique. The study targeted 6, 210 Kadimo people in Usigu as per the 2019 census. The sample size was 30 respondents drawn from Usigu for interviews. The sources of data included: oral sources, archival sources and secondary sources, and were corroborated to meet the reliability and objectivity of the research. Data was collected through oral interviews and focus group discussions. The study analysed and presented data through Qualitative Data Analysis. The findings of the study discussed in chapters four, five and six were as follows; Jo-Kadimo found people of Bantu origin in Yimbo on their arrival and lived among them; Dholuo became the lingua franca in Yimbo; Kadimo homestead had many huts and they were polygamist; they practised mixed farming and there was a chief council called Buch Piny; Dimo was the first ruoth; the first colonial chief was appointed in 1902; there were conspiracies to remove incumbent representatives from office; there were no schools in the location until 1928 when Usenge School was built; there no health centres in the location and the Yimbo people hated to pay taxes to the colonial government. Chapter seven provides discussion on the summary, conclusion and recommendations of the research. The study has contributed to the historiography of the Kadimo clan.