3rd International Research Conference Proceedings Chuka University, 2016

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2-D Inversion of Gravity Data of Nyabisawa-Bugumbe Area of Migori Greenstone Belt, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2017) Odek, A.; and Githiri, J
With the continuous extraction of minerals in Migori greenstone belt exploration is currently evolving from surface based exploration to subsurface exploration. This necessitates a good understanding of the geophysical features in the subsurface which are likely to have a direct bearing on the distribution of minerals. In this study, a 2-D litho-prediction model of Nyabisawa-Bugumbe area was developed from geologically constrained inversion of gravity field data. The measured gravity field data were subjected to cleaning process to remove perturbations which were not of geophysical interest, and later enhanced by removing long wavelength anomalies which are as a result of regional trend. The density variations were then inverted for the geometrical parameters of the model. Gravity high trending NW-SE around Nyabisawa, Kirengo towards Nyambeche was delineated. The gravity high is bounded by two major faults along rivers Migori and Munyu. Integrating the 2-D inversion of gravity data and the geology of the area, the gravity field perturbation is associated with banded iron formations.
3rd International Research Conference Theme: “Harnessing Research, Innovation and Technology to Realise the Sustainable Development Goals” Proceedings
(Chuka University, 2017) Isutsa, D. K. and Githae, E. W. (Eds.)
A Cognitive Blending Analysis Of Idioms In Ntv’s Segment: “Bull’s Eye”.
(Chuka University, 2017) Ogal, G.O; Karuri, T.M
The choreography of certain language data requires analysis beyond the boundaries of conventional provisions is the blast-off point in the studies investigating the correlation between cognition and language. However, delimited attention has hitherto been paid to the unlocking of blended idioms within the Cognitive Integration Perspective in the Kenyan locale. In this chapter, therefore, we analyze the processes of perception and meaning of blended idioms vis-à-vis the canonized forms in Bull’s Eye aired every Friday on NTV. The program is a hilarious satire summarizing weekly socio-political unfolding in a manner exhibiting a rarity of linguistic expression. In order to unlock both literal and figurative meanings, it is salient to explicate the mechanisms by which local context affects the process of idiom construction within the postulates of Cognitive Integration Theory (CIT) whose premise penetrates minds thus forming networks of mental spaces exploring human information integration. Using conventional content analysis, the chapter identifies, classifies and attempts a conceptual interpretation of new knowledge based on metaphorical mappings to illustrate the emergent structures. The general finding of the chapter is that a striking feature of human communication is to create new meanings using blending which improves figurative competencies. The chapter, therefore, recommends that for a better understanding of blended idiomatic expressions and other phraseological items, one should consider contexts expressed in language. We, therefore, conclude that idioms achieve creativity and novelty and should be explained using a cognitive linguistics approach. Further, blended idioms, when subjected to inadequacies of grammar alone, robs one of the ability to appreciate new interpretations.
A History of Social Exclusion and Poverty of The Thagichu of Igembe Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2017) Kithinji, C.M
This study is on social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu from the colonial epoch of the years1907 to 1962. Kenyan Government strategies towards alleviation of social exclusion and poverty between 2013 1nd 2015 are also explored. The study was guided by the theories of Underdevelopment, Materialistic Conception of History and Social Darwinism. It employed the descriptive research design. Data was collected from oral, archival and secondary sources. A total of 50 persons were purposively sampled and interviewed and corroborated with data from archival and secondary sources. The Thagichu were socially excluded by the colonial Government. Exclusion was noted in inadequate infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals and lack of access to social services like banks compared to other areas of Meru County. The study established that the government has come up with strategies that could help tackle social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu, including building educational facilities, provision of free primary and day secondary education, adult and continuing education, non-formal education and provision of educational funds through the constituency development fund and Affirmative Action Social Development Fund, establishment of road networks, land adjudication, NGOs, formal employment, Health facilities, urban centre and electricity. This study has contributed to the Thagichu historiography.
A Linguistic-Stylistics Analysis of Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the City.
(Chuka University, 2017) Miriti, E.K; Gathigia, M.G; Munene, G.W; Gicuku, M.W
A linguistic-stylistics analysis involves a synthesis that examines how language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter. However, little attention has been given to linguistic-stylistics analysis and particularly in reference to the study of African literature. This study examines a linguistic- stylistics analysis of Francis Imbuga’s play, Betrayal in the City, a text replete with cultural, interpersonal and political betrayals. The Halliday’s Systemic Functional Approach which postulates that the functional nature of language is reflected in its internal structure, especially in its semantic and syntactic organisation is employed in this study. Content analysis is used to identify the linguistic- stylistics features in the play. The study discusses, inter alia, the lexical, grammatical and context categories employed in the play. Linguistic-stylistics works as a bridge between cultural, literary and linguistic studies. The study recommends a linguistic-stylistic analysis of texts to understand the functional nature of language
A Local Online Repository for Source Codes and Computing Research Projects.
(Chuka University, 2017) Tuei, K.K.
Open Source Software are fast becoming popular and threatening to overtake the conventional commercial applications. The convenience offered by open source applications is ease of access, learning, download and vast communities of users who collaboratively and instinctively help other users solve issues while using software. Technology enthusiasts, practitioners, programmers, software engineers and even end users with minimal computer literacy find it easier to try out a software without the restrictions of time that come with trials of commercial software. Improving on open source software is key towards the viability of that product in the market as it progresses in time in the ever dynamic IT industry. The proliferation of users on a web-based version-control and collaboration platform for developers such as GitHub is evidence enough that even modern age software developers have moved from re-inventing the wheel by coding from scratch to forking repositories to have a starting point for their own ideas. A local repository for source codes would help local developers be more efficient in their software projects, save time on completing them and also share ideas with other like-minded developers that would help solve specific local problems or use technology to bridge gaps as well as avoid redundancy in terms of starting out on a project that has already been done by another developer and ultimately attain sustainable development. CodeRepo is a web-based repository that allows local developers to deploy a localized repository to register and post links to their code repositories or create one as well as have a forum to network local developers.
a sustainable financing model amongst banks for agribusiness infrastructural projects in kenya.
(Chuka University, 2017) Musuya, D., Matete, J.S., Kamau, and Fwamba, R
The inherent risks embedded in agribusinesses have made banks cautious in extending credit. Indeed the agricultural sector is the backbone of the economy, contributing significantly to the GDP of the county nevertheless is the least funded. The research study intended to test a model, financing through cooperatives that can be used to mitigate the construed risks of agribusiness lending. The research’s null hypothesis was that, packaging credit and extending it to agribusinesses through cooperatives would not significantly mitigate default risk. This was deductive research using survey methods to collect data for hypothesis testing. From the analysis results the null hypothesis was rejected, accepting the alternative hypothesis that group financing, using the co-operative model, is preferred. Thus, transfer of surplus funds from financial institutions to agribusinesses should be done through co- operatives.
Adaptability of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Lines in Kenya Coastal Region
(Chuka University, 2017) Weru, S.M. Owuoche, J.O and Kiplagat,
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes grown in sub-Saharan Africa. About 12.5 million tonnes of cowpea grain are produced worldwide each year with the majority (over 94%) of the production taking place on low input, subsistence farms. This crop is most important in the semi-arid and warm areas of Africa where other crops may fail due to poor adaptation to heat, drought and low soil fertility conditions. The objective of this study is to contribute to increased food production in coastal Kenya through development of high yielding, drought tolerant and farmer acceptable cowpea lines. The experiment was conducted Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Mtwapa and its sub-centres at Msabaha and Mariakani. The agroecological zones for the sites are; coastal Lowland 3 for Mtwapa, coastal lowland 4 for Msabaha and coastal lowland 5 for Mariakani. The sites have sandy soils with pH of 5.3 to 6.9. Fifteen cowpea lines were sourced from the KARI Gene bank which included three improved cultivars that have been tested in central and eastern regions of Kenya. These genotypes have varying agronomic traits and were collected from various regions of Kenya. They are; K033057, K033073, K003731, K005169, K026753, K027092, K003962, K046781, K028613, K047079, K047078, K047121, KVU 27-1, M 66 and K 80. The checks were the local variety and improve variety K 80. Planting was done in the short rains season of 2012 and in the long rains season of 2013. Planting was done at a spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm. The trial was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected included both qualitative and quantitative traits. At maturity the different lines were harvested, weighed with the pods, then threshed and the grain yield per plot measured. 100 seed weight was also recorded per plot. The net plot was the two middle rows of the plot. The year effects were clearly manifested in the agronomic traits and seed quality of the cowpea evaluated. The superiority of K005169 in all the agroecological zones in high grain yield production is observed making the genotype a candidate for consideration in the breeding with others to introgress the genes for high yield potential. The 16 genotypes attained maturity within 70 to 76 days after planting and can therefore be classified as early maturing type. Of the 16 genotypes tested in the three agroecological zones of the lowland coast region, five have shown outstanding performance across the test environments. They are K005169, KVU 27-1, M66, K003962 and K046781. These genotypes have manifested their adaptability and stability across test
Affecting Access to Extension Service Among Cashew Nut Farmers in Kilifi County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2017) Koech, R. and Karani, C.G
The main aim of the paper was to determine the factors that affect access of extension service among smallholder cashew nut producers. The study was conducted in Kilifi County in coastal Kenya which has favourable climatic conditions and a long history of cashew nut production. A structured interview guide was used to collect data from 123 cashew nut farmers which were then analyzed using logistic regression model. Results show that the determinants of access of extension service include gender, education, age, household size and the size of land area cultivated. The study established management neglect of cashew nut plantations which would otherwise be amended through access of extension services. It is thus imperative that favourable policies based on the identified variables be formulated.
Algal Diversity and Distribution in The Esp Fish Ponds in Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2017) Kibaara, D.I; , Magana, A.M; Ochieng, O; Githae, E.W
The algal species composition, distribution, abundance and the water chemistry of the ESP fish ponds in Tharaka-Nithi County have remained unknown, although these greatly influence fish production in ponds. The Results presented here are from investigations over a period of six months of a that is an ongoing study Preliminary findings indicate that the major algal taxa in the ESP fish ponds in Tharaka are Chlorophycea and Bacillariophyceae, both with a ubiquitous distribution in the study area. Cyanobacterial species exhibited a higher abundance (with an average of 235 cells ml-1) in the lower zone (Tharaka) than the middle (Itugururu) or upper (Chuka and Chogoria) zones. Among the cyanotoxin-producing species were Aphanocapsa, Anabaena, and Microcystis spp. Algal abundance exhibited a seasonal pattern with higher values during the rainy than the dry seasons. The highest pond water temperature recorded was in the lower zone, reaching a maximum of 31.9 0C in Tunyai (Tharaka). The minimum level of dissolved oxygen was 3.2 mg l-1. Molecular characterization of the algae cyanotoxin level determination and algal biomass are important aspects of and form the next phase of the present study. The results obtained are expected to play a vital role in formulating informed management policies in order to boost fish production in the ESP ponds of the Tharaka-Nithi County and at the national level.
Analyses Of Kimeru Word Formation Processes in Three Fraternity Groups in Meru Speech Community.
(Chuka University, 2017) Mikwa, J.K
The aim of the study was to investigate Kimeru word formation processes in three fraternity groups in Meru linguistic community. Sample was drawn from core, central and interloper speakers of the Meru speech community comprising firstly; youth, the UN, defines 'youth', as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years. In Africa youth refers to persons aged between 15 years and 35 years and were the ones studied in this study. Secondly; middle age, middle age is the period of age beyond young adulthood but before the onset of old age. This study defined middle age as years between 40 years and 55 years. Finally; elders or old age, most Britons define old age as starting at 59 years. The present study defined old age as years between 55 years and above. The respondents were selected using the judgmental sampling procedure. Linguistic theory was used to study the data. The findings of the study were elicited using tape recorded interviews on Kimeru word formation processes. The data for the study was represented both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings of the study show the knowledge of Kimeru words formation processes varied according to the degree to which the respondents live their livesin Kimeru Language.
Cannibalization of Vacational and Technical Education Through Career Counselling at Secondary School Level
(Chuka University, 2017) Muriu, S and Gichuhi, D
ABSTRACT Vocational and Technical Education forms a very key foundation in enabling a nation to achieve MDG and SD. Kenya as a country highly depends on technical skills to achieve The Vision 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals. This can only happen through proper and realistic career counseling information provided by the counseling teachers at secondary school level. According to KCSE results released every year, majority of the candidates score between grade C and D which are the requirement for entrance at Diploma and Craft level. However, there has been a missing link between the nature of careers counseling services offered at secondary school level due to expectations that majority will join trainings at university levels thus ignoring students who are not higher performers. The objective behind this study was to investigate the challenges faced by students in acquiring technical and vocational education by establishing the level of career information with the student; the subject choice at secondary school, establishing the nature of counseling offered and investigating the challenges encountered in acquiring admissions in vocational and technical training institutes. Various career theories and models that guide career choices formed foundation for the study. The study assumed a descriptive design where qualitative and quantitative data was collected through questionnaires and interview. The target population included form four leavers who scored grades D and C. Findings revealed that most respondents had no career information on vocational and technical education in Kenya.
Classroom Discourse in A Multilingual Context: The Case of Selected Primary Schools in Chuka Division, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2017) Mbaka, N.W
The sociolinguistic situation in Kenya is triglossic in nature (Schmied, 2012) English is at the top of the rank as the official language. Kiswahili has been in the middle as the co-official and national language. It is also used as the country’s lingua franca. The indigenous languages are at the base of the hierarchy. In such a multilingual setting, code-mixing and code-switching are inevitable. It has not been established how teachers in lower primary utilise the repertoire of languages at their disposal: thus the need for this study. This paper evaluated whether the language-in-education policy is implemented in the classroom. It was a case study carried out in Chuka Division, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. Data was collected using participant observation. The paper establishes that teachers mainly use code-mixing in the classroom and also in official domains. The findings contribute to scholarly literature in Sociolinguistics and should benefit curriculum developers.
Conceptual Metaphors in Ken Walibora’s Novel: “Kidagaa Kimemwozea
(Chuka University, 2017) Ntabo, V.O. and angangi, B.
The deficiency of grammar in unearthing literary gist necessitates the borrowing of a Cognitive Linguist’s lenses for a fuller explication of a text. This motivates the blast-off point in pursuit of meaning where “backstage cognition” fills a lacuna whose origin is the apparent mismatch between the writer’s background and the reader’s linguistic resources. Whereas intellectual endeavors unclothing the correlation between language and cognition cannot be controverted, the diligence paid to the study of metaphor in literary texts within a cognitive-semantics perspective has hitherto been hemmed in. We, therefore, analyze the conceptual metaphors in Kidagaa Kimemwozea by the Kenyan novelist Ken Walibora. The novel reflects a bedeviled state whose unfeeling king abuses power to amass wealth as sounds of anguish rent the air. Luckily, the protagonist (Amani) conspires with the king’s son to exploit the father’s weakness for the benefit of common citizens. This chapter establishes, classifies and annotates the conceptual metaphors using survey descriptive research design within the backup of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. It utilizes the Great Chain of Being metaphor whose chief objective slots a place for any phenomenon in a set hierarchical system. Animals, plants, objects and natural things are stratified source domains richly used to depict the characters in the novel. For a better appreciation of conceptual metaphors, it is salient to use the spectacles of a cognitive linguist to understand contextual language against the cultural, historical and geographical backdrop. Conceptual metaphors are conduits of communication and should be explained using a cognitive linguistics approach. Language is embodied and situated in a specific environment, making it possible for the meaning of some of the metaphors to elude the reader.
Conceptual Metaphors in Ken Walibora’s Novel: “Kidagaa Kimemwozea.
(Chuka University, 2017) Ntabo, V.O; Kangangi, B
The deficiency of grammar in unearthing literary gist necessitates the borrowing of a Cognitive Linguist’s lenses for a fuller explication of a text. This motivates the blast-off point in pursuit of meaning where “backstage cognition” fills a lacuna whose origin is the apparent mismatch between the writer’s background and the reader’s linguistic resources. Whereas intellectual endeavors unclothing the correlation between language and cognition cannot be controverted, the diligence paid to the study of metaphor in literary texts within a cognitive-semantics perspective has hitherto been hemmed in. We, therefore, analyze the conceptual metaphors in Kidagaa Kimemwozea by the Kenyan novelist Ken Walibora. The novel reflects a bedeviled state whose unfeeling king abuses power to amass wealth as sounds of anguish rent the air. Luckily, the protagonist (Amani) conspires with the king’s son to exploit the father’s weakness for the benefit of common citizens. This chapter establishes, classifies and annotates the conceptual metaphors using survey descriptive research design within the backup of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. It utilizes the Great Chain of Being metaphor whose chief objective slots a place for any phenomenon in a set hierarchical system. Animals, plants, objects and natural things are stratified source domains richly used to depict the characters in the novel. For a better appreciation of conceptual metaphors, it is salient to use the spectacles of a cognitive linguist to understand contextual language against the cultural, historical and geographical backdrop. Conceptual metaphors are conduits of communication and should be explained using a cognitive linguistics approach. Language is embodied and situated in a specific environment, making it possible for the meaning of some of the metaphors to elude the reader.
Critical Analysis On How Teacher-Related Factors Affect Application of Progressivisms’ Learner-Centered Approaches in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: A Case of Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2017) Mwangi, S.N.
Learning mathematics` problem-solving skills using learner-centered teaching approach, as emphasized in the philosophy of progressivism, enhances creativity and problem solving skills to the learners. In contrast, learning mathematics using teacher-centered approaches have increasingly dire consequences to the pupils such as poor performance, lack of creativity, poor socialization and lack of problem-solving skills. This study critically analyzed how teacher-related factors affect application of learner-centered approaches in teaching and learning of Mathematics. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of 5,547 subjects consisting of 5,160 pupils and 387 teachers from 129 public primary schools within Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. A sample size of 378 respondents was obtained using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used to collect data from pupils and mathematics teachers. The results of the data analysis were presented using bar graphs, frequency tables and charts. The research findings revealed several learner-related factors such as motivation, attitude, beliefs and myths on mathematics, which were noted to make pupils participate passively in the learning process. Pupils’ negative attitude towards mathematics was also noted as a major hindrance to the application of Progressivists’ learner centered approaches in teaching and learning of mathematics in Meru South Sub-County. The researcher anticipates that the findings and recommendations of this study may provide valuable reference for teachers, curriculum developers and policy makers in education on learner-centered approaches to enhance teaching of Mathematics.
Critical Analysis On How Teacher-Related Factors Affect Application of Progressivisms’ Learner-Centered Approaches in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: A Case of Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2017) Mwangi, S.N
Learning mathematics` problem-solving skills using learner-centered teaching approach, as emphasized in the philosophy of progressivism, enhances creativity and problem solving skills to the learners. In contrast, learning mathematics using teacher-centered approaches have increasingly dire consequences to the pupils such as poor performance, lack of creativity, poor socialization and lack of problem-solving skills. This study critically analyzed how teacher-related factors affect application of learner-centered approaches in teaching and learning of Mathematics. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of 5,547 subjects consisting of 5,160 pupils and 387 teachers from 129 public primary schools within Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. A sample size of 378 respondents was obtained using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used to collect data from pupils and mathematics teachers. The results of the data analysis were presented using bar graphs, frequency tables and charts. The research findings revealed several learner-related factors such as motivation, attitude, beliefs and myths on mathematics, which were noted to make pupils participate passively in the learning process. Pupils’ negative attitude towards mathematics was also noted as a major hindrance to the application of Progressivists’ learner centered approaches in teaching and learning of mathematics in Meru South Sub-County. The researcher anticipates that the findings and recommendations of this study may provide valuable reference for teachers, curriculum developers and policy makers in education on learner-centered approaches to enhance teaching of Mathematics.
Drama and Orality in Kenya’s Radio Advertising.
(Chuka University, 2017) Njogu, J.G.
The relationship between drama, cultural practice and electronic media in Kenya is built around a history of intricate relationships informed by history, aesthetics and values adored by the African people since time immemorial. By function, drama has always addressed cultural, historical and emerging themes. For quite some time now, it has become a very fashionable technique of advertisement production in Kenya, yet research on drama as a persuasive genre remains scant. This paper examines the relationship between advertisement drama in radio and indigenous literary practices of the African people. It is based on the assumption that since the purpose of advertisements is to influence mass buyers, the choice of drama genre by advertisers imply that it possesses unique persuasive elements that can render for scholarly analyses. Since radio is a purely oral-acoustic medium just like primary orality, elements of primary oral cultures serve to enhance the expressiveness of radio-mediated advertisements. The paper begins from awareness that drama has always been a cultural production in Kenya, and that indigenous literary forms have always punctuated dramatic experience at every phase of its development both in content and style. Using a qualitative design, data is in the form of audio recordings of advertisements that use the technique of drama in radio. These are transcribed, translated and analyzed to arrive at conclusions about the persuasive strategy of theatre in the radio medium. Walter Ong’s theorizing about transiting from primary orality to typographical forms will enable us understand the psychodynamics of how audio messages are crafted to resonate with those who hear them. Ong’s ideas about the notion of ‘imagined audiences’ will also be used. These ideas enable us examine how advertisers imagine their audiences via virtual experience. It is expected that aspects of indigenous literary forms will manifest, and that these elements have rhetorically latent. It is also expected that the language in theatrical ads will be uniquely fashioned to persuade, and that these adverts will reveal how their consumers understand the world around them.
Drama and Orality in Kenya’s Radio Advertising.
(Chuka University, 2017) Njogu, J.G.
The relationship between drama, cultural practice and electronic media in Kenya is built around a history of intricate relationships informed by history, aesthetics and values adored by the African people since time immemorial. By function, drama has always addressed cultural, historical and emerging themes. For quite some time now, it has become a very fashionable technique of advertisement production in Kenya, yet research on drama as a persuasive genre remains scant. This paper examines the relationship between advertisement drama in radio and indigenous literary practices of the African people. It is based on the assumption that since the purpose of advertisements is to influence mass buyers, the choice of drama genre by advertisers imply that it possesses unique persuasive elements that can render for scholarly analyses. Since radio is a purely oral-acoustic medium just like primary orality, elements of primary oral cultures serve to enhance the expressiveness of radio-mediated advertisements. The paper begins from awareness that drama has always been a cultural production in Kenya, and that indigenous literary forms have always punctuated dramatic experience at every phase of its development both in content and style. Using a qualitative design, data is in the form of audio recordings of advertisements that use the technique of drama in radio. These are transcribed, translated and analyzed to arrive at conclusions about the persuasive strategy of theatre in the radio medium. Walter Ong’s theorizing about transiting from primary orality to typographical forms will enable us understand the psychodynamics of how audio messages are crafted to resonate with those who hear them. Ong’s ideas about the notion of ‘imagined audiences’ will also be used. These ideas enable us examine how advertisers imagine their audiences via virtual experience. It is expected that aspects of indigenous literary forms will manifest, and that these elements have rhetorically latent. It is also expected that the language in theatrical ads will be uniquely fashioned to persuade, and that these adverts will reveal how their consumers understand the world around them.
Educational Implication of ‘Sheng’ In The Learning of Kiswahili Among Secondary Schools Students in Kenya: A Case Study of Kirinyaga County.
(Chuka University, 2017) Mune, C.W
In the recent past Kiswahili has been hit by a wave of ‘Sheng’ speakers who are mostly adolescents and young adults. Use of Sheng has raised significant linguistic and pedagogical questions associated with the attainment of Kiswahili proficiency. While some people have advocated the growth of ‘Sheng’ as an indication of societal growth in Kenya, others, including scholars, researchers and educationists are on the opinion that the spread of this code impacts negatively on the learners in Kenyan schools and should be left to hip hop musicians, public transport touts, drug peddlers and school drop outs. In the education circles, the code is gangster slang, a secret code associated with social misfits, is fluid and not easy to understand. It interferes with standard Kiswahili and has negative effects on formal education. In Kenya, language policy has come to mean political pronouncements, government statements, and recommendations by Educational Commissions which are rarely implemented. The study was guided by Inter-language theory by Selinker. Study sample consisted of 9 schools, 368 form three students and 40 teachers. Sample populations were obtained through purposive and stratified sampling. Research showed that the code has interfered with formal language learning inside the classroom since students fail to mark the boundaries between ‘Sheng’ and standard Kiswahili and thus continue to show incompetence in writing and speaking. Also, it has interfered with the performance of students in national examinations especially in sentence constructions. Students regarded sheng as a tool to distinguish themselves from their parents whom they perceive as living in the past. Findings show that ‘Sheng’ has to do with lack of clarity in Kenya’s language policy. The paper recommends specific researches on the language situation in Kenya especially as far as the spread of ‘Sheng’ and its impacts on education are concerned

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