Animal Sciences
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.chuka.ac.ke/handle/chuka/866
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Item ANPT 461: INEDIBLE MEAT BY-PRODUCTS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY(Chuka University, 2024-12-18) Chuka UniversityItem ANPT 453: HIVE PRODUCTS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY(Chuka University, 2024-12-15) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 426/427: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DISEASES(Chuka University, 2024-12-10) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 322: MICROBIAL DISEASES(Chuka University, 2024-12-19) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 0232: BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES(Chuka University, 2024-12-19) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 212/5: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY(Chuka University, 2024-12-29) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 00126: ANIMAL HEALTH APPLIED SKILS EXAMINATION(Chuka University, 2024-12-18) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 00126: ANIMAL HEALTH APPLIED SKILLS(Chuka University, 2024-12-29) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 00126: ANIMAL HEALTH APPLIED SKILLS(Chuka University, 2024-12-10) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 00120: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION(Chuka University, 2024-12-15) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 0114: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY(Chuka University, 2024-12-15) Chuka UniversityItem ANHE 0111: GROSS ANATOMY(Chuka University, 2024-12-18) Chuka UniversityItem BIOL 00100: BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY STREAMS: CERT(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka UniversityItem Efficacy of Bentonite and Fumonisin Esterase in Mitigating the Effects of Aflatoxins and Fumonisins in Two Kenyan Cattle Breeds(ACS Publications, 2022) Kemboi, D.; Antonissen, G.; Ochieng, P.; Croubels, S.; De Baere, S.; Scippo, M. L.; Okoth, S.; Kangethe, E.; Faas, J.; Doupevec, B.; Lindahl, J.; Gathumbi, J.The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of bentonite and fumonisin esterase, separately or combined, in mitigating the effects of aflatoxins (AF) and fumonisins (FUM) in Boran and Friesian-Boran crossbreed cattle. These effects were studied by measuring mycotoxins, their metabolites, and biomarkers that relate to animal health, productivity, and food safety. The study was divided into three experiments each lasting for 2 weeks. Cows in experiment 1 received in random order aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [788 μg/cow/day (69.7 μg/kg dry matter intake (DMI)) for Borans and 2,310 μg/cow/day (154 μg/kg DMI) for crossbreeds], bentonite (60 g/cow/day), or both AFB1 and bentonite. Boran cows in experiment 2 received in random order FUM (12.4 mg/cow/day (1.1 mg/kg DMI)), fumonisin esterase (120 U/cow/day), or both FUM and fumonisin esterase. Boran cows in experiment 3 received in random order AFB1 (952 μg/cow/day (84.2 μg/kg DMI)) + FUM (30.4 mg/cow/day (2.7 mg/kg DMI)), bentonite (60 g/cow/day) + fumonisin esterase (120 U/cow/day), or both AFB1 + FUM and bentonite + fumonisin esterase. Feeding AFB1 and/or FUM contaminated feed with or without the addition of the detoxifiers for 14 days did not affect DMI, milk composition, hematology, and blood biochemical parameters. The addition of bentonite in a diet contaminated with AFB1 led to a decrease in milk aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration of 30% and 43%, with the carry-over subsequently decreasing from 0.35% to 0.20% and 0.08% to 0.06% for crosses and Borans, respectively. No significant change was observed in the sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio following feeding with FUM alone or in combination with fumonisin esterase; however, the ability of fumonisin esterase to hydrolyze FUM into less toxic fully hydrolyzed FUM and partially hydrolyzed FUM was evident in the rumen fluid and feces. These results indicate bentonite was effective in decreasing AFM1 concentration in milk, and AFB1 and AFM1 in plasma, while fumonisin esterase can convert FUM into less toxic metabolites and can be a suitable addition to feed cocontaminated with AFB1 and FUM.Item ANSC 0221: ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ETHOLOGY(Chuka University, 2024-12-17) Chuka UniversityItem ANSC 0260: ANIMAL WELFARE(Chuka University, 2024-12-18) Chuka UniversityItem ANSC 332: FEEDS AND FEEDING(Chuka University, 2024-12-13) Chuka UniversityItem ANSC 333: ANIMAL NUTRITION AND LIVESTOCK FEEDING(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka UniversityItem ANSC 334: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL NUTRITION(Chuka University, 2024-12-17) Chuka UniversityItem ANSC 0335: WILDLIFE NUTRITION(chuka University, 2024-12-11) Chuka University