10th International Research Conference Proceedings Chuka University, 2023

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Effect of Capital Allowance Incentives on the Financial Performance Of listed Consumer Goods Companies in Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Rebecca Ngugi Muthee; Patricia Gachambi Mwangi; John Mutua
The Consumer goods sector has been a major driver of industrial growth, leading to some international firm to enter the market thus increasing existing investment in recent years. However, their financial performance is lowlands ubpar. The companies have experienced a decline on the contribution to the country’s GDP from 5.0% in 2017 to 4.1% in the manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco sector. Nevertheless, there is paucity of empirical and conceptual knowledge on the phenomenon influence of capital allowance incentive on the financial performance. This study was anchored on the Agency cost theory. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study used secondary data which was collected using a checklist and was extracted from the Nairobi Security Exchange (NSE) reports between the year 2017-2021. The target population of the study comprised of the thirteen listed consumer goods companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange as at 31st December 2021. The study used census technique. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS version 25.0. The study used correlation analysis and multiple regression to determine the relationship between capital allowance incentives and financial performance. To test the statistical significance, the t-statistic at 95% The confidence level was used. Data was presented using tables and figures. Further, it was found that capital allowance had a positive regression coefficient of (0.739, p-value of 0.0463). The study will be useful to listed consumer goods companies to institute more robust capital allowance incentives. The study will also contribute to the body of knowledge for both researchers and academicians.
Effect of Inventory Management Practices on Performance of Food Processing Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Mayabi Peres Linda; Miriam Thogori; Joseph Masinde
the better performance of any firm. The food processing sub sector performance has been declining thus its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product has reduced to 10% thus leading to operation inefficiency. The overall objective of the study was to probe the effect of inventory management practices on performance of food processing firms in Nairobi County. The study was premised on the lean theory. Descriptive design was employed. A population of 172 food processing firms and a sample size of 120 firms was determined. Stratified and simpler random sampling were used to pick specific firms while data was collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics aided in describing the primary characteristics of the data. Regression analysis aided to ascertain the effect of inventory management on performance of food processing firms with the aid of SPSS version 28. T-statistics were used to gauge the significance of individual objectives at 5%confidence level while F-statistic was used to establish the overall significance of the model. The study established inventory management was found to be positively correlated to performance, ((regression coefficient 0.492, p value0.000). The study concluded that inventory management practices had substantial impact on performance on Food processing firms and recommends that firms should establish adequate quality control and quality monitoring points in order to get the best quality during the production and also as a way of minimizing on cost. The findings will contribute to theory of supply chain management and policy making regarding different of inventory management practices to ensure increase in performance.
Influence of Statist Inter-Ethnic Transformation of Politics in The Management of Inter-Ethnic Conflicts in Bungoma County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Mulati Job Chebai*
Politics largely defines both protractible and intractability in inter-ethnic conflicts globally. In Kenya, Bungoma County in particular, inter-ethnic political reasons exacerbated 1963 including 1992 conflicts. The specific objective was to examine the effect of statist inter-ethnic integration of politics in management of inter-ethnic conflicts in Bungoma County. A conceptual framework underpinned by Ledarach’s Conflict Transformation and Gultang’s Conflict Triangle theories guided the study. The study applied a descriptive research. The study was conducted in Bungoma County. Simple Radom and Purposive sampling procedures determined the participant. The sample size of 400 participants used was derived from 1375065 population using Yamane 1967. Questionnaires, interviews, FGD and document analysis were instruments used to collect primary and secondary data respectively. Quantitative data was analysed by MS excel while thematization, corroboration and verification was applied to qualitative data. The study findings were: Though the use of inter-ethnic politics as scapegoat scored 15% responses in fueling inter-ethnic animosity, it worked alongside, hostile inter-ethnic inter-group politics, the elite tilted inter-ethnic perceptions, inter- ethnic violent political transition from one party to multiparty, inter-ethnic political contests and intensified leadership struggles which scored 17% responses each in influencing inter-ethnic conflicts in Bungoma County. However, despite the regulation of political parties, affirmative action, consensus and inter-ethnic integration were statist inter- ethnic structures set for inter-ethnic political integration, the process was lethergic. The study recommends, detachment of inter-ethnic demarcation from political cum administrative boundaries in Bungoma County.
Effect of Public Wages On External Debt in Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Remmy Juma Naibei; , Dennis Muriithi; Onesmus Mbaabu
Most developing Africa countries have a high need for capital projects that requires a lot of government spending and attention. However, it is unfortunate that in Kenya, borrowed cash intended for capital projects is diverted to recurrent requirements like payment of wages and salaries, and debt repayment, putting a damper on national investment in viable projects. This poses a significant threat to the economy's growth. The following goals served as a guideline for the study; to determine the influence of public wages on external borrowing debt in Kenya using both cointegration and error correction model. Causal research design was adopted to explain the influence of public wages, social expenditure and debt servicing on external borrowing in Kenya. The study period was from 1970 and 2019 from which a 50-year time series data was employed for analysis. The research relied on secondary data which was collected with the aid of a structured data collection checklist from Central Bank of Kenya, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, International Monetary Fund and World Bank websites. Data analysis was done with an aid of Stata, E-views and Ox- Metrics statistical software. Stationarity of variables was tested using PP unit root test where public wages was reported to be stationary at level form. The study employed use of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique, to empirically examine the influence of recurrent expenditure variable on external borrowing in Kenya. There was a significant negative association between public wages and external debt whereby a rise in public wage by 100% indicated decrease in external debt by 101.92%. The overall model was found to be significant since the F-statistic value generated in the analysis was 124.664 with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Model was a good predictor of external borrowing, with an adjusted R2 of 0.946 for public wages explaining foreign debt. This research recommends the study recommends that SRC should free up resources using the austerity measures which include wage reductions for government employees. Secondly, the government through the ministry of treasury should raise tax base to increase revenues. Finally, the results of this study may be valuable to government stakeholders who are charged with the responsibility of ensuring economic development through public sector financing, also it is expected to provide important information to policymakers in order to maintain external debt at manageable levels.
Right to Be Free from Hunger”; Analyzing the Laws Governing Right to Food in Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) 1Mwai Samuel; 2Grace Karimi
Food is one of the basic needs that human beings require for survival. The right to food is so fundamental that human beings cannot live without its enjoyment. Not only do human beings require food for survival but they also need access to adequate food that meets safety and quality standards for a dignified life. Relying on the principle of interdependence of human rights, the right to food supports the enjoyment of other human rights and fundamental freedoms. However, a majority of people in the world and Kenya, in particular, does not enjoy the right to food. The FAO 2022 Report revealed that at least 5.4 million people in Kenya are facing acute food insecurity. Sadly, 32% of all Kenyans are facing the challenge of either lack of food or the food accessible by them does not meet the minimum nutritional standards. Access to food is a human right that is encapsulated under international human rights conventions, regional treaties and the Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Domestically, the right is envisaged under Article 43(1) (c) of the Constitution which states that “every person has the right to be free from hunger, and to have adequate food of acceptable quality.” This paper interrogates the legal framework on the right to food both at the national and international levels with a bias on the national legal framework. This is achieved by analysing the laws, policies, reports and scholarly work on right to food. The paper finds that the right to adequate food of acceptable quality and standards is broadly safeguarded in our laws. However, the nation lacks proper implementation strategies thereby continuing to deprive the citizenry of this important right. On the same note, the country has not specifically provided for legislation to actualize this right. This paper recommends that legislative and administrative measures need to be taken to safeguard the population from hunger and consumption of food that do not meet the prescribed quality and standards. Stakeholders are also called upon to support the realization of the right to food in the country.
Athletic Trainers Impact On Athletes: A Case Study of United States
(Chuka University, 2024) Jonathan Kathenge
With upcoming of the competency-based education and the increasing ailments directly or indirectly connected with climatic change and weather patterns globally, physical exercise has become increasingly necessary, which directly or indirectly calls for increased uptake of physical education in schools, colleges and the greater public. This view necessitated this study which focuses one component of physical education. The study was carried in the United States with its focus being the athletic training industry to critically examine the impact of athletic trainers to the athletes, both physically and mentally. The main focus of the study was to examine Athletic trainer’s role in the athlete’s mental wellbeing. It also looked into the athlete’s trust to his or her athletic trainer not only in their expertise in the field and their knowledge, but also how the trainer is focused on what is best for the athlete’s long-term health and well-being. The study was motived by a belief that athletic trainers are usually held with high standard both off the field and in the field especially where everyone can directly see their performance. However, it is not common knowledge in the public domain what the athletic trainers do to help the athletes in terms of injury prevention as well as treating already incurred injuries. Data was obtained from primary and secondary sources. For primary sources, data questionnaires were administered online to purposively chosen participants while secondary data was sourced from written works and documented reports. Descriptive data analysis was used and the results used to draw conclusion and recommendations. The study findings indicated that the relationship between a student-athlete and athletic trainer is pivotal during the grind of a season and even the off season. The athletic trainer must work with the student-athlete and build trust with them along with the coaching staff and administration which is not easy to do. The findings and conclusion from the study recommends a need for a clearer answer on the impact that athletic trainers have on student- athletes, with a better way to show the actual relationship between the two.
Statist Transformation of Inter-Ethnic Identity Issues in the Management of Inter-Ethnic Conflicts in Bungoma County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Mulati Job Chebai
Intra and inter-ethnic identities, built over time buttress inter-ethnic conflicts globally. In Kenya, specifically in Bungoma inter-ethnic identity issues, the socio-historical, cultural, ethnic and geographical factors defined 1963 and subsequent conflicts including the 1992 unparalleled conflict in the region. Specific objective of the study was to examine the statist inter-ethnic integration of inter-ethnic identity issues in management of inter-ethnic conflicts in Bungoma County. The study was guided by a conceptual framework underpinned by Galtung’s Conflict Triangle and Lederach’s Conflict Transformation theories. A descriptive research design was used, while the study was conducted in Bungoma County. Simple Radom and Purposive sampling procedures were used to select a sample size of 400 participants derived from 1375065 populations, using Yamane 1967 formula. Questionnaires, interviews, FGD and document analysis, were instruments used. Data was analysed both quantitatively by MS Excel and qualitatively through thematization, corroboration and verification. The study findings were, inter-ethnic (different histories scored 50%, varying cultural identity 40% and varied geographical location 10%), while inter-ethnic social influence were: (in-born hatred 17%, value differences 18%, cultural dissimilarity 17%, unfair distribution of education 17%, varying norms 17% and religious rivalry 14%) and inter-ethnic negative ethnicity scores were: (except for the driver of negative ethnicity that is politicians using ethnic differences for political expediency which scored 16%, the inter- ethnic perception, inter-ethnic majority-minority issues, ethnic fear of survival, inter-ethnic inequitable access to power, historical injustices and inter-ethnic chauvinism scored 14% each) in accounting for identity issues influencing inter-ethnic conflict in Bungoma County. Statist anti-inter-ethnic; hatred, values, culture and religious structures were glimpses integrated into the constitution. The study recommends translation of inter-ethnic conflict and peacebuilding in Bungoma into creative art and documentary in order to increase awareness of avenues of inter-ethnic integration of identity issues in management of inter-ethnic conflict in Bungoma County.
Examining the Effectiveness of the Legal Framework Governing Climate Change. In Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Mwai Samuel; Wycliffe Otiso
The natural environment has been experiencing enormous challenges associated with natural and human factors. Precisely, most of these environmental challenges have been caused by human activities through pollution, degradation and human interference. Climate change remains one of the contemporary puzzles facing the earth and has been linked with increased heating of the earth. This paper briefly analysis how the world is legally responding to global warming and also investigates the strategic legal measures being undertaken by stakeholders. The paper then proceeds to review the Kenyan legal framework on climate change and the contribution of the regulatory measures adopted to minimise its intensity. The paper thus analysis the Kenyan climate change legal framework and its adequacy and effectiveness. The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the Environmental Management and Coordination Act, and the Climate Change Act are identified as the main laws regulating this phenomenon. Noteworthy, Kenya was the first country in Africa to legislate on climate change. A review of the Kenya’s legal, institutional and policy framework reveals existence of a vibrant framework to combat climate change; however, the slow implementation and poor environmental practices derail the intentions and efforts made. This poses the question of the legal capability of bodies and institutions entrusted to discharge their mandate related to addressing climate change. This paper also notes that bodies and institutional mechanisms such as NEMA and National Climate Change Council have not adequately discharged their mandates in enforcing compliance. In addition, it is noted that such institutions’ capacity to tackle the climatic change issues is inadequate, overlapping and the system is compromised by external forces. Based on the findings, the study concludes there exists national and international legal frameworks for managing climate change. However, the analysis reveals that these measures are not comprehensive in addressing climate change in the country and beyond. The paper recommends that the state should develop effective and workable mechanisms and measures of protecting the earth from the adverse effects of climate change. Further, the international community should develop joint frameworks for combating climate change.
10th International Research Conference “Mainstreaming Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer and Commercialization for Sustainable Economies (MRIT-TCSE)” Proceedings
(Chuka University, 2024) Mutembei Henry, Nduru Gilbert, Munyiri Shelmith, Gathungu Geofrey, Kiboro Christopher, Otiso Wycliffe, Rithaa Jafford, Miriti Gilbert, Gichumbi Joel, Mwathi David, Gitonga Lucy, Nanua Jackin, Kahindi Roseline, Jonathan Kathenge & Muthui Zipporah (Eds.).
Role play teaching method and Kiswahili language instruction in secondary schools in Kirinyaga Central Sub-County, Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Njoka Njagi, A.; Ogembo, J. O.; Mbaka, P. K.
Effective instructional process is reliant on suitable methods used during instructional process. Teaching and learning methods used in language learning should thus be chosen appropriately to realize educational goals in every curriculum. The study therefore sought to establish the influence of role play method on Kiswahili language instruction in Kirinyaga Central Sub-County, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The study sought to find out activities in role play teaching method used in Kiswahili language instruction, establish the extent to which role play teaching method is being used in Kiswahili language instruction, determine the influence of role play teaching method on Kiswahili language instruction and to find out challenges that teachers encounter when using role play teaching method in Kiswahili language instruction in secondary schools. The study was guided by Discourse theory of language and Noam Chomsky language acquisition theory. Descriptive survey research design adopted targeted 4345 subjects comprising of 4125 form three students, 180 Kiswahili language teachers and 40 Heads of Kiswahili Subject from 40 secondary schools. A sample of 367 respondents that included; 321 form 3 students, 38 form 3 Kiswahili teachers and 8 Kiswahili Heads of Subject was determined based on Slovin’s formula. Multistage sampling involving stratified, simple random and purposive sampling methods were used. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used to collect data from sampled respondents. Data obtained was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that Kiswahili language teachers use various role play teaching activities in Kiswahili language instruction. Use of role play teaching method was also found to significantly influence Kiswahili language instruction. It is therefore recommended that Kiswahili language teachers should innovate to integrate more role play teaching activities in Kiswahili language instruction to facilitate better conception of the abstract concepts in the subject. The results from the study are significant in that they will add more insights on the instruction process of Kiswahili language in secondary schools. Role play; Kiswahili Language Instruction; Teaching Activities; Teaching Methods; Improvisation
Influence of graphic materials on acquisition of number work skills among pre-school learners in Kiambu Sub-County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Kang’ara, H.
Use of instructional graphic resources plays an important role in enhancing learners’ acquisition of number work skills. However, in Kiambu Sub- County, acquisition of number work skills by pre-primary school learners is low with many not able tosolve basic mathematics problems. The study sought to assess the influence of utilization of graphic materials on acquisition of number work skills among pre-primary school learners in Kiambu Sub- County, Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Skills Acquisition Theory.The study adopted mixed methodology and thus, applied concurrent triangulation research design. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis in Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS 23) and presented using tables. The study established that pre-primary school learners’ number work skills are below average owing to inadequate use of graphic materials. The study thus recommends that pre-primary school teachers should be made to understand that these are educational components which serve to enhance teaching concepts in number work. Pre-primary school teachers should be encouraged to adopt graphic number work materials. The Ministry of Education should enforce the usage of graphic materials to supplement supply of commercial teaching aids as a critical component of pedagogy in pre-primary schools.
Influence of Job Involvement on Retention in Private Security Firms in Nairobi city County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Nancy Karinthoni Mustafa; Catherine Kaimenyi; Rael Mwirigi
ABSTRACT The challenge of employee retention is a global problem that affects organizations in both developing and developed countries. Even though a lot has been done towards addressing the problem, the situation has continued to be experienced among private security firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of job involvement on retention in private security firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The work environment was used as a moderating variable. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of this research was 50 private security firms in Nairobi City County registered with Kenya Security Industry Association. Primary data was collected using a close-ended Questionnaire. Data was analysed with the aid of 0andpresentedusingdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics.Simpleandmultipleregressionanalysiswas with SPSS version25. used to establish the relationship between variables and the t-statistic at a 95% significance level was adopted in testing the hypothesis of the study. The overall significance was tested using F-test. The study established a positive significant effect of job involvement on retention a regression coefficient of 0.722 and a p-value of 000implyingthatjobinvolvementaffectedretention.Theinteractionbetweenworkenvironmentandjobinvolvementhada regression coefficient of 1.583 and a p-value of 0.000 implying that work environment positively altered the relationship between job involvement and retention. The study recommends that private security firms ought to put strategies that encourage employees to remain loyal in performance of their work, to ensure increased employee retention. The findings of the research will contribute to theory, policymaking, and understanding of human resource management practices to ensure an increase in employee retention.
Nexus between Innovation Ecosystem and Innovation Performance.
(Chuka University, 2024) Isaac Muiruri Gachanja
The business climate is faced with turbulent environment such as dynamic customer needs, market complexities escalating cost of production and punitive requirements for doing business. The situation is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector which calls for the development of a systematic and comprehensive approach to address the intricacies involved. The purpose of the study was therefore t investigate the influence of Innovation Ecosystem (IE)on Innovation Performance (IP) in manufacturing firms with a focus on major industrial counties in Kenya. The theoretical underpinning in this study were innovation, complexity and innovation diffusion theories. The philosophical ideology that guided the study was pragmatism. Mixed method design was used. The target population was 2,484 employees drawn from 828 firms. Multi-stage sampling was employed to sample 345 employees drawn from 115 firms. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interview schedules and check lists. Data was analyzed using variance, standard deviations, structural equation model and partial least square. Apilot test was conducted on 12 manufacturing firms to determine the validity and reliability of research instruments. Smart partial least square, Stata and statistical package for social scientists were the main software used for data analysis. Results were presented in graphs, tables and path diagrams. It was found that IE contributed 66.74% of innovation performance. It was concluded that IE has a significant influence on IP. It was therefore recommended that the operating environment should be enhanced for improved competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. The study is useful to members of the Kenya Association of Manufacturers, management in manufacturing firms, current and potential investors and entrepreneurs, policymakers and scholars. Further studies should be carried out on how trust can be managed in IE for a win-win situation for a more vibrant manufacturing sector.
The role of self-esteem on development of mental health among secondary school students in Kirinyaga and Nyeri counties in Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Gitumu, M. W; Kinyua, J. N
Self-esteem is crucial to the development of mental health for better learning. Self-esteem has a great importance as a protective factor in mental health. High self-esteem can lead to better mental health and social behavior, and that poor self-esteem is associated with a broad range of mental disorders such as depression, suicidal tendencies, eating disorders and anxiety, violence and substance abuse. This study was guided by Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs and Bowlby’s theory of attachment. The objective of the study was to assess the level of self-esteem between orphan and non-orphan students among secondary schools in Kirinyaga and Nyeri counties in Kenya. The problem statement was that orphans suffer emotional needs, physiological needs and psychological needs that would affect their self- esteem. Self-esteem would too impact on development of mental health for better learning thus the need to assess the self-esteem levels of orphans and non-orphans to reflect their mental health. The study was a survey, which utilized casual comparative research design. According to county education offices in the two counties, the total population of students was 58,448. Stratified and purposive sampling methods were used. Out of 58,448, 426 students constituted the sample of this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. In data analysis, descriptive (frequencies, percentages) and inferential (t test) statistics were used. The major finding in this study indicated that most orphans and few non-orphans registered low self-esteem. In conclusion, the overall self-esteem levels of orphan students and non-orphan students have a difference and these points to mental health issues of students. The recommendation is that the government should come up with comprehensive policies to promote the well-being of the students registering low se
Effectiveness of Social Media analytics counterterrorism Technology (smact) on Terrorism containment rates in Lamu county beach tourism destination, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Biwott G. K.; Muruiki L. M; Too E. C.
Fear of terrorism has led to social and economic decline particularly in beach tourism destinations. The main approaches used in managing terrorism include hard and soft strategies such as military and counter-radicalization. Previous studies have reported the capabilities of social media analytics in detecting terror threats through media streams. However, the effectiveness of this technology has not been examined in beach tourism destinations. This study examines the effectiveness of social media analytics counterterrorism technology (SMACT) in identifying terror threats in tourism destinations. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of SMACT technology on terrorism containment rates in Lamu County beach tourism destination. Descriptive research and machine learning is used to process Twitter dataset using Python. A dataset of 9,572 tweets is preprocessed. Naive Bayes and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) sentiment analysis models are implemented and evaluated to categorize terrorism-related tweets as positive or negative. A dataset of 5840 tweets is processed after preprocessing and split 80:20 into train and test sets models are developed and trained. The trained models are used to predict sentiment on the 20% test set. A total of 1168 tweets counts are predicted on the test set for each model. Naive Bayes model predicts 719 positive and 449 negative tweets. The RNN model predicted 829 positive and 339 negative tweets. The Naive Bayes and RNN models demonstrate highly accurate detection of extremist sentiment in tweets, though the Naive Bayes classifier outperformed the RNN model. The Naive Bayes model predicted 61.6% of tweets as positive sentiment and 38.4% as negative. In contrast, the RNN model predicted a 71:29 split between positive and negative tweets. Frequently occurring terrorism related terms include 'attack', 'kill', 'bomb' among others. Twitter terrorism and counterterrorism tweets sentiments are successfully analyzed, giving important insights into the prevalent opinions on the platform. The sentiment distribution and correlations between positive and negative feelings are clustered. The results help researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders in counterterrorism efforts gain a better grasp of public opinion on Twitter.
The Influence of Event Tourism Motivation On Job Creation for The Local Community in Isiolo North Constituency
(Chuka University, 2024) Wang’ondu Kezia Wambui; Maina Kariuki; Jonathan W. Omolo
Event tourism involves traveling to attend or participate in major one-time or recurring functions of limited duration. In the present study, the contribution of event tourism on job creation was carried out in Isiolo North Constituency. The purpose of the study was: to establish the influence of motivation for event tourism on creation of tourism-related jobs for the local community. The key indicators of motivation being social and organizational drivers. The study employed descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was 49086 which represented the adult community members, seven tourism officers and 71 hotel managers. The sample size was 409 that comprised 380community members, seven tourism officers and 21 hotel managers. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results indicated that about an equal number of community respondents were engaged in tourism related jobs as were in non-tourism related jobs. The largest percentage of community respondents agreed that social drivers were contributor towards promoting tourism related occupations while the least were neutral. For example, amongst community household heads 41% agreed that seeking personal rewards promoted creation of tourism related jobs,36% disagreed and 23% were neutral. For organizational drivers, there was an equal distribution amongst community respondents for those in agreement and those not in agreement that the drivers contributed to the jobs, with the least percentage being neutral. 305 Forexample,36%and35%agreedanddisagreedrespectivelythatprofitfortheorganizationpromoted tourism related jobs, while 29% were neutral. A logistic regression result showed that motivation had no statistically significant influence on creation of tourism related jobs in the community (social drivers p=0.318, and organization drivers p=0.806). The study recommended that locals should be encouraged to invest in event tourism related opportunities.
Influence of parental engagement on satisfaction with public boarding secondary schools among students in Maara Sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Muchiri, C. K.; Murungi, M. J.; Njagi, M. W.
A boarding school is a learning institution where students study and live away from homes and families. A boarding school includes new ways of life including routines of social and academic activities. It is therefore important to ensure that students are well prepared and satisfied as they study and live in a boarding school. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of parental engagement on students’ satisfaction with public boarding secondary schools in Maara Sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County, in Kenya. This study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population was a composition of 4,804 students, 38 principals, 38 boarding heads of department (HODs) and 38 form three class teachers from 38 boarding secondary schools in Maara Sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya. The sample size was a total of 439 respondents comprising of 357 form three students, 38 form three class teachers, 38 boarding HODs and six principals from public boarding secondary schools in Maara SubCounty. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 38 public boarding secondary schools from a list of 55 public secondary schools in Maara Sub-County. Simple random sampling was used to select 357 students who participated in the study. Data was gathered using interviews for principals and questionnaires for form three class teachers, boarding HODs and form three students. The instruments were piloted to determine their reliability in a school in Meru-South Sub-County, while validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts in the department of Education of Chuka University. The reliability coefficient for questionnaire was 0.8956. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28.0 was used for data analysis. The obtained quantitative raw data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequency and mean). The findings of the study indicated that parental engagement has significant influence of on satisfaction with public boarding secondary schools among students. The research findings may be useful to parents and teachers as they guide students in public boarding secondary schools. The finding may also be helpful to students as they study and cope with life in public boarding secondary schools. The study findings are also likely to form a basis for reference that informs future research on students’ satisfaction with boarding
Relationship between delocalized principals’ transformational leadership and institutional performance among public secondary schools in the Lower Eastern region, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Mawira, M. S.; Jagero, N.; Ogembo, O. J.; Kimanthi, P.
The study determined the relationship between the delocalized principals’ transformational leadership and institutional performance in public secondary schools in the lower Eastern region Kenya. It was informed by the need to illustrate the extent to which implementation of delocalization policy has contributed to improved institutional performance. Transformational leadership theory, path-goal theory and contingency theories provided theoretical underpinnings of the study. It adopted descriptive cross sectional survey design and correlational research design. Multistage sampling was used to select 144 Principals, 144 senior teachers and 6 educational officials from 1086 subjects. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from sampled respondents. Qualitative data obtained was analyzed thematically while quantitative data was cleaned coded and analyzed descriptively and inferentially with the aid of the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 computer software. Frequency and percentages were used to describe the existing relationship between the variables while hypothesis were tested using regression analysis at 95% level of significance. The study established that there is a positive and significant relationship between idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation as well as individualized considerations and institutional performance. Ultimately, study illustrated that there exists a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership as implemented by the delocalized Principals and institutional performance of their schools. It is therefore recommended that TSC should formulate and implement best practices of delocalization to enable education stakeholders reap its inherent benefits. Ministry of Education (MOE) should organize training workshops for Principals on best practices for implementation of transformational leadership.
Family determinants of career awareness among students in public secondary schools in Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya.
(Chuka University, 2024) Mbaka, E. K.; Mwanzia, R. M.; Murungi, J. M
Career awareness is an indicator of the degree of achieving democracy and individual freedom that an individual has in determining his or her professional growth and ultimately future plans. Career awareness equips learners with a holistic understanding of their talents, personality, interest and capability in preparation for their future endeavours. Uncertainty and lack of clarity drive most students towards making wrong career choices and as result, feel frustrated and live their entire life struggling at a job they had never wished for. These observations have raised concerns on career awareness and whether the efforts put by the schools, parents and government agencies in creating awareness on careers are effective. The study sought to determine the influence of family determinants on career awareness among students in public secondary schools in Meru South Sub County. The study adopted labelling and structural functionalism theories. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 368 respondents comprising of 12 deans of studies, 12 guidance and counselling teachers,12 form three and 12 form four parents’ representatives, 8 principals and 312 form three and four students participated in the study. Data collection was done using questionnaire for students and teachers and interview for principals and parents’ representatives. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data. The study established that family determinants had an influence on the students’ career awareness, especially on the career information issues. The family social economic status, family career path, parental advice and elder siblings were found to have a great influence on career awareness. Parents and guardians should be sensitized on the importance of career awareness to their children.
Relationship between pedagogical practices and outcome of scientific training on biological evidence management in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Ithawa, M. M.; John, O. O.; Monica, I. G.
Crime scene Investigations is a crucial aspect in the judicial process. To ensure that justice prevails, all the crime scenes need to be well managed by the Crime Scene Investigators. Failure to manage the crime scenes properly, some citizens fall victims of wrongful convictions and at other times the suspects are acquitted by the court due to lack of substantive evidence. For purpose of proper management of crime scene, the Crime Scene Investigators require to undergo a scientific training which acquits them with knowledge and skills. Such knowledge and skills enable them to handle various types of evidence and especially the biological evidence. Majority of studies have been on scientific training at primary, secondary schools and colleges. However, Minimal research has been conducted on the scientific training on biological evidence management for the crime scene investigators at police training institutions. This study therefore, sought to address the existing knowledge gap by establishing the relationship between content and outcome of scientific training on biological evidence management in Nairobi County, Kenya. To achieve the objective descriptive research design was adopted. A sample of 132 respondents was obtained from a target of 198 by use of Krejcie and Morgan sample determination table. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedule. Prior to data analysis, common themes were noted. The data was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. The research hypotheses were tested at 95% level of confidence. The findings indicated that content for scientific training on biological evidence management was inadequately covered due to allocation of a few lessons. It was therefore, recommended that there should be more lessons allocated for biological evidence management scientific training to enable adequate coverage of the diverse content areas.

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