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    10th International Research Conference “Mainstreaming Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer and Commercialization for Sustainable Economies (MRIT-TCSE)” Proceedings
    (Chuka University, 2024) Mutembei Henry, Nduru Gilbert, Munyiri Shelmith, Gathungu Geofrey, Kiboro Christopher, Otiso Wycliffe, Rithaa Jafford, Miriti Gilbert, Gichumbi Joel, Mwathi David, Gitonga Lucy, Nanua Jackin, Kahindi Roseline, Jonathan Kathenge & Muthui Zipporah (Eds.).
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    2-D Inversion of Gravity Data of Nyabisawa-Bugumbe Area of Migori Greenstone Belt, Kenya.
    (Chuka University, 2017) Odek, A.; and Githiri, J
    With the continuous extraction of minerals in Migori greenstone belt exploration is currently evolving from surface based exploration to subsurface exploration. This necessitates a good understanding of the geophysical features in the subsurface which are likely to have a direct bearing on the distribution of minerals. In this study, a 2-D litho-prediction model of Nyabisawa-Bugumbe area was developed from geologically constrained inversion of gravity field data. The measured gravity field data were subjected to cleaning process to remove perturbations which were not of geophysical interest, and later enhanced by removing long wavelength anomalies which are as a result of regional trend. The density variations were then inverted for the geometrical parameters of the model. Gravity high trending NW-SE around Nyabisawa, Kirengo towards Nyambeche was delineated. The gravity high is bounded by two major faults along rivers Migori and Munyu. Integrating the 2-D inversion of gravity data and the geology of the area, the gravity field perturbation is associated with banded iron formations.
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    A Cognitive Blending Analysis Of Idioms In Ntv’s Segment: “Bull’s Eye”.
    (Chuka University, 2017) Ogal, G.O; Karuri, T.M
    The choreography of certain language data requires analysis beyond the boundaries of conventional provisions is the blast-off point in the studies investigating the correlation between cognition and language. However, delimited attention has hitherto been paid to the unlocking of blended idioms within the Cognitive Integration Perspective in the Kenyan locale. In this chapter, therefore, we analyze the processes of perception and meaning of blended idioms vis-à-vis the canonized forms in Bull’s Eye aired every Friday on NTV. The program is a hilarious satire summarizing weekly socio-political unfolding in a manner exhibiting a rarity of linguistic expression. In order to unlock both literal and figurative meanings, it is salient to explicate the mechanisms by which local context affects the process of idiom construction within the postulates of Cognitive Integration Theory (CIT) whose premise penetrates minds thus forming networks of mental spaces exploring human information integration. Using conventional content analysis, the chapter identifies, classifies and attempts a conceptual interpretation of new knowledge based on metaphorical mappings to illustrate the emergent structures. The general finding of the chapter is that a striking feature of human communication is to create new meanings using blending which improves figurative competencies. The chapter, therefore, recommends that for a better understanding of blended idiomatic expressions and other phraseological items, one should consider contexts expressed in language. We, therefore, conclude that idioms achieve creativity and novelty and should be explained using a cognitive linguistics approach. Further, blended idioms, when subjected to inadequacies of grammar alone, robs one of the ability to appreciate new interpretations.
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    A History of Social Exclusion and Poverty of The Thagichu of Igembe Sub-County, Meru County, Kenya
    (Chuka University, 2017) Kithinji, C.M
    This study is on social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu from the colonial epoch of the years1907 to 1962. Kenyan Government strategies towards alleviation of social exclusion and poverty between 2013 1nd 2015 are also explored. The study was guided by the theories of Underdevelopment, Materialistic Conception of History and Social Darwinism. It employed the descriptive research design. Data was collected from oral, archival and secondary sources. A total of 50 persons were purposively sampled and interviewed and corroborated with data from archival and secondary sources. The Thagichu were socially excluded by the colonial Government. Exclusion was noted in inadequate infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals and lack of access to social services like banks compared to other areas of Meru County. The study established that the government has come up with strategies that could help tackle social exclusion and poverty of the Thagichu, including building educational facilities, provision of free primary and day secondary education, adult and continuing education, non-formal education and provision of educational funds through the constituency development fund and Affirmative Action Social Development Fund, establishment of road networks, land adjudication, NGOs, formal employment, Health facilities, urban centre and electricity. This study has contributed to the Thagichu historiography.
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    A Linguistic-Stylistics Analysis of Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the City.
    (Chuka University, 2017) Miriti, E.K; Gathigia, M.G; Munene, G.W; Gicuku, M.W
    A linguistic-stylistics analysis involves a synthesis that examines how language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter. However, little attention has been given to linguistic-stylistics analysis and particularly in reference to the study of African literature. This study examines a linguistic- stylistics analysis of Francis Imbuga’s play, Betrayal in the City, a text replete with cultural, interpersonal and political betrayals. The Halliday’s Systemic Functional Approach which postulates that the functional nature of language is reflected in its internal structure, especially in its semantic and syntactic organisation is employed in this study. Content analysis is used to identify the linguistic- stylistics features in the play. The study discusses, inter alia, the lexical, grammatical and context categories employed in the play. Linguistic-stylistics works as a bridge between cultural, literary and linguistic studies. The study recommends a linguistic-stylistic analysis of texts to understand the functional nature of language
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    A Local Online Repository for Source Codes and Computing Research Projects.
    (Chuka University, 2017) Tuei, K.K.
    Open Source Software are fast becoming popular and threatening to overtake the conventional commercial applications. The convenience offered by open source applications is ease of access, learning, download and vast communities of users who collaboratively and instinctively help other users solve issues while using software. Technology enthusiasts, practitioners, programmers, software engineers and even end users with minimal computer literacy find it easier to try out a software without the restrictions of time that come with trials of commercial software. Improving on open source software is key towards the viability of that product in the market as it progresses in time in the ever dynamic IT industry. The proliferation of users on a web-based version-control and collaboration platform for developers such as GitHub is evidence enough that even modern age software developers have moved from re-inventing the wheel by coding from scratch to forking repositories to have a starting point for their own ideas. A local repository for source codes would help local developers be more efficient in their software projects, save time on completing them and also share ideas with other like-minded developers that would help solve specific local problems or use technology to bridge gaps as well as avoid redundancy in terms of starting out on a project that has already been done by another developer and ultimately attain sustainable development. CodeRepo is a web-based repository that allows local developers to deploy a localized repository to register and post links to their code repositories or create one as well as have a forum to network local developers.
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    A Note on Quasi-Similarity of Operators in Hilbert Spaces
    (Chuka University, 2016) Sitati, I.N.; Musundi, S.W.
    This paper reports on the notion of Quasi-similarity of bounded linear operators in Hilbert Spaces, defines a quasi-affinity from one Hilbert Space H to K and discusses results on quasi-affinities. It has been shown that on a finite dimensional Hilbert Space, quasi-similarity is an equivalence relation; it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Using the definition of commutants of two operators, an alternative result is given to show that quasi-similarity is an equivalence relation on an infinite dimensional Hilbert Space. The relationship between quasi-similarity and almost similarity equivalence relations in Hilbert Spaces using hermitian and normal operators is established.
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    a sustainable financing model amongst banks for agribusiness infrastructural projects in kenya.
    (Chuka University, 2017) Musuya, D., Matete, J.S., Kamau, and Fwamba, R
    The inherent risks embedded in agribusinesses have made banks cautious in extending credit. Indeed the agricultural sector is the backbone of the economy, contributing significantly to the GDP of the county nevertheless is the least funded. The research study intended to test a model, financing through cooperatives that can be used to mitigate the construed risks of agribusiness lending. The research’s null hypothesis was that, packaging credit and extending it to agribusinesses through cooperatives would not significantly mitigate default risk. This was deductive research using survey methods to collect data for hypothesis testing. From the analysis results the null hypothesis was rejected, accepting the alternative hypothesis that group financing, using the co-operative model, is preferred. Thus, transfer of surplus funds from financial institutions to agribusinesses should be done through co- operatives.
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    Acceptability of Napier Grass, Tithonia (Tithonia Diversifolia) and Sapium (Sapium Ellipticum) As Forages for Sheep in Kenya and Their Nutritive
    (Chuka University, 2015) chuka University
    There is limited information on acceptability of Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Sapium (Sapium ellipticum) as forages to sheep in Kenya. This study compared the acceptability of Napier grass, Tithonia and Sapium as forages for sheep. It had five (one and half year old male sheep) selected on the basis of uniformity in live weight, averaging 23 kg. The sheep were housed in individual pens (metabolic unit), measuring 1.5mx1.5mx2.0m and mounted on the concrete floor at Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Embu. The feeding period lasted for 10 days. Data were collected and recorded for 5 days. A sample of each offered and refused experimental diet was collected and recorded for 5 days and oven-dried for determination of moisture content, crude protein, ash content, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin. The neutral detergent fibre levels for wilted Napier grass, Tithonia and Sapium fodder were 80.1%, 33.57% and 39.52% respectively. The acid detergent fiber levels for wilted grass, Tithonia and Sapium hay were 43.58%, 27.98% and 22.4%, respectively. The acid detergent lignin levels for the diets 1, 2 and 3 were 6.12%, 11.3% and 8.87%, respectively. Napier grass, Sapium and Tithonia forages were found to be preferred by the sheep in this order, with an average daily intake in kg/DM of 0.26, 0.11 and 0.18, respectively. Knowing acceptability of the forages could assist in their utilization in improvement of sheep nutrition and productivity.
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    Adaptability of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Lines in Kenya Coastal Region
    (Chuka University, 2017) Weru, S.M. Owuoche, J.O and Kiplagat,
    Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes grown in sub-Saharan Africa. About 12.5 million tonnes of cowpea grain are produced worldwide each year with the majority (over 94%) of the production taking place on low input, subsistence farms. This crop is most important in the semi-arid and warm areas of Africa where other crops may fail due to poor adaptation to heat, drought and low soil fertility conditions. The objective of this study is to contribute to increased food production in coastal Kenya through development of high yielding, drought tolerant and farmer acceptable cowpea lines. The experiment was conducted Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Mtwapa and its sub-centres at Msabaha and Mariakani. The agroecological zones for the sites are; coastal Lowland 3 for Mtwapa, coastal lowland 4 for Msabaha and coastal lowland 5 for Mariakani. The sites have sandy soils with pH of 5.3 to 6.9. Fifteen cowpea lines were sourced from the KARI Gene bank which included three improved cultivars that have been tested in central and eastern regions of Kenya. These genotypes have varying agronomic traits and were collected from various regions of Kenya. They are; K033057, K033073, K003731, K005169, K026753, K027092, K003962, K046781, K028613, K047079, K047078, K047121, KVU 27-1, M 66 and K 80. The checks were the local variety and improve variety K 80. Planting was done in the short rains season of 2012 and in the long rains season of 2013. Planting was done at a spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm. The trial was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected included both qualitative and quantitative traits. At maturity the different lines were harvested, weighed with the pods, then threshed and the grain yield per plot measured. 100 seed weight was also recorded per plot. The net plot was the two middle rows of the plot. The year effects were clearly manifested in the agronomic traits and seed quality of the cowpea evaluated. The superiority of K005169 in all the agroecological zones in high grain yield production is observed making the genotype a candidate for consideration in the breeding with others to introgress the genes for high yield potential. The 16 genotypes attained maturity within 70 to 76 days after planting and can therefore be classified as early maturing type. Of the 16 genotypes tested in the three agroecological zones of the lowland coast region, five have shown outstanding performance across the test environments. They are K005169, KVU 27-1, M66, K003962 and K046781. These genotypes have manifested their adaptability and stability across test