Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

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A cartographic analysis of Kĩmũthambĩ clause structure
(Chuka University, 2024) Kaburo Diana Kananu
Conventional analysis of the clause structure and clausal domains do not provide detailed information about the functional projections of the clausal domain, nor do they provide the architecture of constituents that appear in such constructions. In contrast, such details are apparent in the Cartography of Syntax approach as posited by Rizzi (1997) and subsequent work. This study analyzed the clause structure of Kĩmũthambĩ, a central Kenya Bantu language spoken in Tharaka-Nithi, Kenya. The study was guided by the Cartography of Syntax; an approach that provides a detailed hierarchical nature account of constituents in left periphery of the clause. The study analysed the structure of the simple clause, conditional and temporal complex sentences in Kĩmũthambĩ, with the main focus being on the structure of the left peripheries. Existing literature revealed that rarity of studies on clausal and sentential aspects of the various dialects of the Meru group. Cartographic studies of the left periphery in African languages exist but they are more concentrated on the western Africa Bantu languages and Chadic languages. Thus, this study set out to investigate how cartography of syntax can account for the mapping of constituents in a central Kenya Bantu language. The study is descriptive in approach. Data was sourced from naturally occurring and spontaneous discourse in natural settings. In addition, data was collected using a structure translation exercise administered to language consultants and the researcher’s intuition. Analysis of data was done by first analysing the structure of Kĩmũthambĩ simple clause and aspects of the left periphery. It was demonstrated that Kĩmũthambĩ left periphery has various functional projections and has the basic structure of ForceP-InterP-TopP-FocP-ModPFinP. As is cross linguistically common, complementizer ati ‘that’ has strong declarative features and kana ‘if/whether’ with strong interrogative feature. Semantically, complementizer ati is also a dubitative particle especially when it occurs with interrogative sentences. Movement of focus and topic constituents to the left periphery is as a result of the need mark [+focus] features at the Foc head position and [+topic] features at Top head position. The study concluded that syntactic elements that manifest in left periphery adhere to the cartographic analysis of the left periphery as postulated by Rizzi (1997). Furthermore, the study analyzed conditional and temporal clauses in the language and found out that they have an elaborate left periphery though not as elaborate as that of the simple clause. This research contributes to the study of Kĩmũthambĩ language which has little theoretical research attention. The study also contributes to the study of clause structure in Bantu languages which in turn adds to the body of knowledge on Bantu syntax and generally to linguistic studies in African languages.
A critical analysis of the discourse during the Impeachment of the second deputy president of Kenya
(Chuka University, 2025) Wambugu, Rose W.
This study sought to determine the impoliteness strategies applied by senators during the impeachment proceedings of the second Deputy President of Kenya in the senate. The research objectives were: to investigate the impoliteness strategies used by senators during the second Deputy President's impeachment motion in the senate;to analyse the communicative goals the senators aimed to achieve by employing impoliteness strategies during the impeachment motion of the second Deputy President of Kenya and to examine how senators strategically constructed impolite utterances for optimal relevance in conveying their communicative intentions. Data analysis employed two theories: Culpeper (1996) theory of impoliteness to respond to objective one and two and Sperber and Wilson (1995) Relevance theory to address the third objective. The data for the analysis was sourced from The Hansard Kenya between 16th and 17th October 2024, where one hundred and fifty nine excerpts with impolite remarks made by senators were purposively sampled for examination. The researcher identified impolite utterances based on the indicators of various impoliteness strategies as highlighted in Culpeper (1996) theory of impoliteness. Statements articulated by attorneys during the motions were excluded from this analysis. The data was analysed qualitatively. Three Guiding cards facilitated the data analysis procedure: the first guiding card was used to identify and categorise the types of impoliteness strategies utilized by senators, the second guiding card was utilized to do a content analysis of the communicative goals aimed to be achieved by the impoliteness strategies while the third guiding card was used to analyze the interplay between the strategic impolite utterance, the cognitive effect and the processing rate as discussed by Sperber and Wilson (1995) Relevance theory. The findinds of the study revealed that the senators used bald-on-record, negative, withholding and positive impoliteness strategies. The senators’ deployment of impoliteness strategies was intended to assert dominance, discredit the opponents, strengthen political alignment and strengthen social alignment. The senators used strategies such as proverbs, Bible verses and metaphors to craft the impolite utterances so as to achieve optimal relevance in conveying their communicative intentions. This study is significant for understanding how language shapes democratic processes and it is urgent due to the rising incivility in Kenyan parliamentary discourse. The research advances the domains of pragmatic and discourse analysis.
A pragmatic analysis of Kĩmwĩmbĩ (e531) condolence messages
(Chuka University, 2024) Kinegeni Loyford Kariuki
This study pragmatically analyzes the messages of condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ. Condolence is one of Austin’s expressive speech acts. In a burial ceremony or a burial planning meeting, condolers are usually given a chance to express their sympathy and offer support to the bereaved through condolence. However, one challenge that condolers face when expressing condolence is choosing words that express their grief in a sensitive and impactful way. This is because wrong choice of words can easily damage the relationship between them and the bereaved especially if the faces of the bereaved are threatened by their words. The study adopted the qualitative and quantitative research approaches, where the researcher collected data with a view to explaining the condolence strategies, politeness strategies, speech acts features and presuppositions involved in conveying condolence in Kῖmwῖmbῖ and provided their descriptive statistics. The study used Austin and Searle Speech Act Theory, Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory and Yule Presupposition Theory to explain these pragmatic features. The researcher randomly sampled three burial planning meetings and three ceremonies to be used for the study. Purposive sampling was used to sample twenty condolence messages for analysis. The researcher then transcribed and translated into English the condolence utterances with the aforementioned pragmatic features. A guiding card was used to categorize the utterances with these pragmatic features. The data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively providing explanation of these features and giving their descriptive statistics in tables. The findings of the study established that making future-oriented remarks was the condolence strategy used the most in these condolence messages. Positive politeness strategy was the most used. The speech acts used in these messages were mostly expressive while the presupposition that was used the most was existential. The findings of this study add new knowledge to the existing in pragmatics, especially on politeness, speech acts, presupposition and burial discourse. The study also provides insights on how Kĩmwĩmbĩ speakers express condolence thus contributing to cross linguistic studies in condolence speech act. Similarly, the study provides data which can be used in other cross linguistic studies hence providing generalized conclusions on condolence speech act.
Accounting for Post-Verbal Affixes on the Kĩmwĩmbĩ Verb
(Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2016) Kĩnyua,AnnHidah and Mũriũngi, Peter
Bantu languages are known to cluster affixes on the verb root, some before the root and others after the verb root. Each of these affixes carries some meaning that contributes to the final meaning of the verb. This raises the question as to whether there are any principles that guide these combinations, and whether these affixes occur in any particular order. This paper is an account of all the suffixes that may occur on the Kĩmwĩmbĩ verb, as well as the order in which they occur, starting with the plugs that are idiomatic with the root and on outwards to the affix that occurs farthest from the root. The semantic import of these morphemes has also been dwelt upon as most of them are valency-changing. The paper also presents the variations in their occurrences, the associated phonological and syntactic processes as well as the constraints surrounding their occurrences. The population for the study was all Kĩmwĩmbĩ verbs containing post- verbal affixes and data for the study was obtained from respondents from Tharaka-Nithi sub-county, Kenya, who are competent speakers of Kĩmwĩmbĩ and who were purposively sampled. The instrument of data collection was a structure generation exercise based on Kĩmwĩmbĩ verbs. Data was also gathered using introspective reports. Researcher-generated structures were also instrumental in informing the analysis. This being a qualitative and descriptive study, data was analyzed in terms of words, phrases and sentences and rules were developed and discussed to account for the affix manifestation on the verbs. The data has been presented in the light of the Principles and Parameters theory. The results demonstrate that suffix occurrence on the agglutinated verb is orderly relative to the first affix to occur after the root. This study contributes new data for the continuing analysis of Kĩmwĩmbĩ, a language that is yet to be fully analyzed. It also contributes to the linguistic theory by advancing knowledge on the morphology of Bantu verbs and the typology of African languages
Ad-Theatre Techniques: Motifs of Orality and Popular Culture in Kenya’s Radio
(Chuka University, 2019-09) Njogu, Jackson Gikunda
This is a study of theatre by its persuasive function in commercial contexts. Specifically the study is a critique of the influences of orality and popular culture on audiences in commercial set ups as evident in dramas of radio advertising. It begins from the awareness that the drama genre has been at the heart of Africa’s rich literary heritage, and that it still finds use in contemporary spaces through mass media. Since the advent of radio in Africa drama has been a preferred technique of radio advertising in Kenya, yet scholarly research on drama as a persuasive genre through the radio medium remains scant. This is in spite of the fact that advertising communities are already aware of its marketing potential. The purpose of this study is thus to examine some of the techniques that drama uses in radio advertising, based on the assumption that because advertisements are made to woo buyers, the genre possesses strong rhetorical elements that can render for scholarly analyses. The study demonstrates the awareness that drama has been a cultural production in Kenya, and that orality has always punctuated dramatic practice at every phase of its development both in form and motif. Secondly, it demonstrates the eternal presence of oral leitmotifs in contemporary use especially in advertising discourses. The study uses a qualitative design. Data is in the form of audio records of advertisements that use the technique of drama in radio which have been transcribed, translated and analyzed to arrive at conclusions about the persuasive strategy of orality and popular culture in the radio medium. Since radio is a purely audio-acoustic media just like primary orality, Walter Ong’s theorizing about transiting from primary orality to typographical forms has been employed to enable us understand the psychodynamics of audio-acoustic messages, and what makes them click so easily with audiences. His views about ‘imagined audiences’ have also been used. In the first chapter we have established a background to the study. The second chapter deals with the literature review and theoretical framework. In chapter three we discuss the study methods while in chapter four we analyze selected data in terms of the oral motifs used using Walter Ong’s structural-functional theorizing in Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. In chapter five the thesis analyzes the use of popular culture as a marketing strategy, while chapter six deals with thesis summary, conclusions and recommendations for further study. The study finds that aspects of indigenous theatrical forms based in primary orality feature prominently in drama-mediated advertisements, and that these features illuminate on the psychology and philosophy of radio listeners, and that advertisers prefer modeling their content on trendy topics adorned in literary stylistics. These findings are important because they affirm the enduring nature of orality in modern times. They also point to practical applicability of orality in modern discourses on one hand, and on the other, awareness that adverts strongly suggest the ways in which Kenyan consumers understand their world.
An analysis of Odera Oruka’s philosophic sagacity manifestation in the Tharaka community wise sayings in Tharaka Nithi county, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Ndumpa Faustine Muchui
Henry Odera Oruka defined philosophic sagacity as body of thought produced by persons considered wise by their communities. To understand the concept of philosophic sagacity discourse, this study contextualized that Odera Oruka‘s philosophic sagacity was first an attempt to distinguish and distance an African philosophical position from ethno-philosophy that was at the time vehemently criticized as lacking the critical aspect of professional philosophy, considered to be the hallmark of philosophy. Oruka considered philosophic sagacity as logical and critical African wisdom endowed to African individuals who because of the depth of their reasoning were able to build strong African traditional community. This research critically analyzed Odera Oruka‘s philosophic sagacity and its manifestation in Tharaka community wise sayings. By studying Odera Oruka‘s philosophical sagacity through the lens of Tharaka traditional wise sayings, the research‘s main objective was to understand the philosophical wisdom endowed and communicated in the community‘s wise sayings for individual and societal well-being. The need for the study was prompted by over emphasis on systematic Western philosophy since scholastic time that has continued to devalue traditional African wisdom which was not only a foundation of African philosophy but also the wisdom behind African traditional societal development. This problem was enhanced by the debate on misunderstanding among African and Western Philosophers as to what constitutes a philosophical concept or discourse in Africa. The study used rational-analytical philosophical approach in addressing the problem of the study. The critical- analytical approach or method of philosophizing that has been used for the analysis is widely associated with philosophy as an academic discipline and finds it‘s lasting expression in the questioning attitude of Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. The study employed three theories, namely: communitarianism, hermeneutics and postcolonial theory. The study was library based, drawing resources from published and unpublished works, journals as well as digital sources. The research findings point to contribution of deeper understanding of African wisdom and an added knowledge in the academic pool in the field of African Philosophy.
An analysis on metadiscourse markers in English and Kiswahili doctoral dissertations in Kenyan universities
(Chuka University, 2024) Mbugua Lilly Kabura
Metadiscourse is a key feature in academic writing because among other uses, it holds different parts of a text together and it facilitates communication between writers and readers. Metadiscourse markers (MMs) are linguistic units that writers use to create cohesion and coherence, and to involve themselves and their readers in the texts. Studies have shown that good academic writers effectively use MMs. Lately, studies on aspects of academic metadiscourse have received considerable attention worldwide, especially in contexts involving academic writers using second or additional languages. However, in the Kenyan context, there is limited research on the use of metadiscourse in academic writing, bearing in mind that English and Kiswahili are second or additional languages to most Kenyans including those who write their academic work in these languages. Consequently, this dissertation set out to investigate the use of MMs in doctoral dissertations written in English and in Kiswahili by Kenyans in Kenyan universities. Based on Hyland’s (2005) taxonomy of metadiscourse markers, the research showed that all categories of metadiscourse were used though with varying frequencies. The doctoral writers used more interactive MMs than the interactional MMs. Notably, Kiswahili writers employed more MMs than English writers, which may be traced to the nature of the language used, and the pressure on students to be understood. In both languages, transition, engagement, hedges and boosters were the most commonly used markers. Transitions enhanced coherence in the texts, engagements created interactions between the writers and the readers and hedges and boosters revealed the writer’s certainty and uncertainty of their propositions. In terms of overuse and underuse, Kiswahili writers overused six sub-categories, while English writers underused six sub-categories of the markers. There was no overuse or underuse for the self-mention sub-category, which probably originates from the cultural and academic backgrounds of the writers, whether they are taught not to bring their opinions to the texts, or it is avoidance to exhibit personal authority. In summary, the results also showed significant correlations between MMs used by both English and Kiswahili doctoral students, which was not unexpected, since Kiswahili writer read academic books writen in English and they translate the content into Kiswahili. For methodology, the study used a mixed-method design in the analysis of MMs. Random sampling was used to get the target population, and then stratified random sampling to select 40 linguistic dissertations written in English and Kiswahili. The concordance software, AntConc 4.1.4 examined the frequencies of the markers and all the occurrences of these markers in the corpus. Log-likelihood statistic detected co-occurrences, and overuse or underuse of metadiscourse in English and Kiswahili corpus. Chi-square tests revealed the relationship between categories of MMs and the two languages. The spearman rank correlation determined the correlations in metadiscourse usage in doctoral dissertations in the two languages. Wilcoxon sum rank test determined the significant difference in usage of MMs in English and Kiswahili doctoral dissertation. The findings of this study contribute to the larger field of applied linguistics, particularly writing in second or additional languages. More so, it provides evidence that Kiswahili has come of age as an academic metalanguage. Finally, this study provides valuable insight to universities’ curriculum developers to consider incorporating writing centres and training programmes for academic scientific writing for undergraduate and post graduate students.
Analysis of Kantian categorical imperative’s relevance in the context of Kenyan political unrest between 1992-2022
(Chuka University, 2024-10) Mutinda Theophilus Nzengu
Following Immanuel Kant‘s philosophical argument on universal moral principles, what he calls categorical imperative, this research sought to find out whether Kenyan political unrest can be resolved by applying Immanuel Kant‘s categorical imperative. The period 1992 to 2022 was relevant because from 1992 multi-partyism was allowed back to Kenyan political spheres. The aim of the study was to critically find out possibility of the application of the Kantian imperative as a method of conflict resolution. The objectives were; to critically analyze Kant‘s universal moral principle, to examine the application of the concept of Kant‘s universal moral principle in the context of political unrest in Kenya between 1992 and 2022, and to critically analyze the challenges and limitations of applying Kant‘s universal moral principle to Kenyan political unrest between 1992 and 2022. For varying reasons, Kenya has experienced persistent political unrest between 1992 and 2022. Over that time, various solutions have been tried to resolve the unrest, however, with less or no success to deter it from happening again. With the application of Kant‘s categorical imperative into the real situations of the country‘s political unrest, such issues will be unearthed and addressed appropriately. However, this application should be with full knowledge of its challenges and limitations. The study was library based, carried out in Chuka University post graduate library. It used Kantian critical method which was used to analyze and determine the application of rational principles to an existential situation. In so doing, it exposed the errors of reason in its pursuit of metaphysical knowledge of the world. The analysis was presented using a descriptive approach qualitatively. The study contributed new and additional knowledge to the field of moral philosophy and social political philosophy, as well as to the society by way of advocating the application of Kant‘s philosophical ideas with a keen attention to its limitations and challenges to conflict resolution mechanisms. For this universe to be a habitable place for all of us, we should always aim at doing actions based on laws or maxims which we can at the same time wish that they could be applied anywhere else. Such a universalization of moral principles makes them applicable and practical in all areas of life. When people are bound by universal laws, we are assured that human rights will be respected, there will be non violence and coexistence in the universe.
Assessment of Peace Building Strategies Employed by The Presbyterian Church of East Africa in Enhancing Inter-Ethnic Harmony in Kenya
(Chuka University, 2019-09) Mwamba, Julius Guantai
Ethnic conflicts remain the biggest setback to the development of many African nations and Kenya is not an exception. The Church has a mandate to make use of her divine mission in building peace and fostering reconciliation in the society. In response the PCEA initiated several peace building strategies aimed at enhancing inter-ethnic harmony in Kenya. Despite the Church in Kenya playing a great role in the promotion of harmony, ethnic conflicts continue to escalate in various parts of the country. This study therefore investigated the efficacy of peace building strategies of Presbyterian Church of East Africa in enhancing inter-ethnic harmony in selected in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study target population was 1,624,345 PCEA members in Nakuru west, Nakuru east, Njoro, Elburgon, Laikipia, Eldoret and Mombasa presbyteries where inter-ethnic conflicts are dominant. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 384 respondents comprising of 342 church members, 38 church elders and 14 church ministers. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires for the Church elders and members, structured interview guide for Church ministers and focus group discussions for inter-ethnic violence victims. Piloting involving 76 respondents was done in from Nakuru East presbytery. Using Spearman Brown Prediction formula by split half technique, a reliability coefficient of 0.71 and 0.74 were realised for the questionnaires for church members and church elders, respectively. This was accepted because an alpha value of 0.7 and above is considered adequate for making accurate group inferences. Religious studies and other experts from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Chuka University ascertained the validity of the instruments. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics with help of the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for windows and presented in frequency distribution tables. This study found that radicalization, imperialism; ideological polarization and inter-communal violence being increased by competition over the fruits of devolution and elite manipulation of local communities were the major emerging issues responsible for inter-ethnic conflicts. It also established that the use of sermons, pastoral care and counselling, Bible study, peace building workshops, prayer movements, mainstreaming of Church standing groups; policy development by the General Assembly, lobbying and having a peace desk have seldom achieved much in fostering inter-ethnic harmony in Kenya. The study suggested the church needs to intensify recruitment and training of peace agents through seminars and workshops to enhance their competency and hence enhance effectiveness. The study concluded that that the PCEA’s involvement in peace building had Biblical, pastoral and theological justification. The findings of the study will assist policy makers to develop effective community-based programmes to mitigate ethnic conflict and also contribute to knowledge in the area of morality and religion. The findings may also be used by religious bodies keen to promote religious teachings aimed at advocating sound moral values and ethics among members of the society. The findings may provide valuable empirical data to Non-Governmental Organizations working in collaboration with the Church to provide community based tailored approaches to fight ethnic violence.
AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF VERNACULAR TELEVISION CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF BAITE TV IN MERU, KENYA
(Chuka University, 2019-09) NKANATHA, JOHN KIMATHI
Television is today the most pervasive mass medium worldwide. The contribution and influence of mass media in the daily lives of audiences cannot be gainsaid. Vernacular television channels are a new phenomenon in the Kenyan media landscape having been introduced in 2011. While mainstream media use the two official languages, and target a bigger national audience, vernacular TV stations are unique in the content of programmes and the choice of language used in their broadcasts. The TV stations’ are community based where the indigenous language is used. Other than the traditional roles of media, the contribution of vernacular TV in social development especially in Kenya, has barely been studied. The study examined the audience perception of the role played by Baite TV, a vernacular TV station based in Meru County, Kenya, in the social development of the community. It examined how and whether the station is an effective means of fostering development within the community that it serves. The study focused on four objectives: to assess the role played by content in Baite TV Station programmes, to examine the strategies used by Baite TV Station to effect social development to assess the coverage and reach of Baite TV programmes, to establish how the audience perception Baite TV programmes. A descriptive survey research design was adopted in this study. Questionnaires and an interview schedule were used to collect data from adult viewers aged 18 years and above and from media practitioners and owners. The study was conducted in four purposively selected sub-counties in Meru County. Purposive sampling was used to get the respondents. The study was grounded on the Agenda Setting and Uses and Gratification theories. The key findings were that besides the primary functions of television, vernacular television can be used to mobilize the community to pool their resources and implement projects that can improve the social development of the community. Other findings were that vernacular television is accessible to viewers across socio-economic barriers. Unlike mainstream media which are urban based, vernacular TVs are rural based and provide grassroot support to communities in their villages. Due to their proximity, they are in constant contact with the community, they are accepted by the community and the community participates in implementation of projects. The community values vernacular TVs for their direct involvement in the community’s social development. Vernacular TVs reach the communities in their localities and using the local language, identify their needs and prioritize the projects that will improve the living conditions of the people. This study contributes to knowledge by showing other functional roles of vernacular TVs including promoting social development, upholding culture and uniting the people. This study focused on the role played by vernacular television medium in social development. Further research can be conducted to ascertain roles other than the four that the media play and other aspects of involvement by vernacular television. This study focused on one vernacular television station based in Meru County due to its unique approach to solving problems afflicting the society. Studies can focus on other stations and in other counties to ascertain their contribution to social development. During this study it emerged that vernacular television stations have many operational challenges when compared to state funded and mainstream media. A study can be done to bring out all the challenges and propose possible mitigations to surmount the challenges. There is need to find out the reason for the low intake of technology in the Meru area yet the emphasis today is on information communication and technology for development.
Awareness and Utilization of Electronic Resources by Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty Members in Universities:A Case of Chuka University
(IJSSAH, 2018-06-25) Nyaboke ,Onsinyo,Charity,Mbugua,,Ngereki,Anthony
ThestudysoughttoinvestigatetheawarenessandutilizationofelectronicresourcesbyacademicstaffintheHumanitiesandSocialSciencesFacultyatChukaUniversity,Kenya.Thepurposeoftheinvestigationwastoinquireabouttherespondents’ appreciationoftheresources,levelofutilizationbasedonavailabilityandaccess,benefitsderivedfromusageaswellaschallengesencountered,asaresultofusage.Thestudyadoptedthedescriptivesurveyresearchdesign.Thefindingsrevealedthat82%oftherespondentswereawareoftheelectronicresourcessubscribedtobytheUniversityandthatand86%oftherespondentsutilizedtheresourcestwoorthreetimesaweek.Thestudyidentifiedinconsistentinternetconnectivity,Lackofcomputerskills,slownetwork,poweroutageandirrelevantelectronicinformationresourcesashindrancestotheutilizationoftheseelectronicresources.ThestudyrecommendsenhancementofInformationandCommunicationTechnology(ICT)networkorbandwidth,increasingthenumberofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies,provisionoffacultyspecificusertrainingandinformationliteracyinstruction,andincreasingmarketingstrategies
CDEV 00140: BASISC FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
(2023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0140: BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
(2023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0141: PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(0023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0141: PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(0023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0205: NETWORKING, LOBBYING AND ADVOCACY
(CHUKA UNIVERSITY, 0023-04-11) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0206: COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION
(CHUKA UNIVERSITY, 0023-04-12) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0209: COMMUNITY HEALTH
(CHUKA UNIVERSITY, 0023-08-28) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 0210: FAMILY STUDIES
(CHUKA UNIVERSITY, 0023-04-13) CHUKA UNIVERSITY
CDEV 211: RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR DEVELOPMENT
(CHUKA UNIVERSITY, 0023-04-11) CHUKA UNIVERSITY

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