Public Health

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Browsing Public Health by Subject "Kenya"

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    Point prevalence survey to assess antibiotic prescribing pattern among hospitalized patients in a county referral hospital in Kenya
    (Frontiers in antibiotics, 2022-11-26) Kamita, Moses; Maina, Michael; Kimani, Racheal; Mwangi, Robert; Mureithi, Dominic; Nduta, Cynthia; Gitaka, Jesse
    Antibiotic resistance causes higher morbidity and mortality and higher healthcare costs. One of the factors influencing the emergence of antibiotic resistance is the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Clinical practitioners’ incorrect prescription patterns and a disregard for antibiotic usage recommendations are the leading causes of this resistance. This study examined the antibiotic prescription patterns among hospitalized patients at the Kiambu Level 5 hospital (KL5) to find potential for hospital quality improvement. This study was conducted in July 2021, and all patients hospitalized on the study day were included. The information was extracted from patient medical records using a World Health Organization Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) instrument. Anonymized data was gathered, entered, and then SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. Among the 308 surveyed patients, 191 (62%) received antibiotic medication, and 60.1% of the total were female. The pediatric ward, which had an antibiotic prescription rate of 94.1%, had the highest rate of antibiotic usage, followed by the medical ward (69.2%) and gynecological ward (65.6%). Over 40% of antibiotic prescriptions had a prophylactic medical indication. Penicillin G was the most prescribed antibiotic for community-acquired infections (32.2%), followed by 3rd generation cephalosporins (27.6%) and aminoglycosides (17.2%). Based on the Aware classification, 57% of the prescribed antibiotics were in the Access class while 42% were in the Watch class. Incomplete site of indication, lack of a method of administration, and length of administration are some of the conformities that were missing in the medical records. This study shows that antibiotic prescription rates are high, particularly for young patients, and there is a higher risk of antibiotic misuse. The data makes a compelling justification for using antibiotic stewardship practices in Kenyan hospitals.
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    Prevalence of Household Food Fecurity in Kenya: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    (Medip Academy, 2022) Kiboi, W. K.; Mucheru, P. K.; Mututho, L. N.; Kimiywe, J. O.; Chege, P. M.; Negesse, A. A.
    Food is both a basic need and a human right. As such, food security is a critical factor in individual and social health. This study aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of household food security in Kenya. Relevant studies were systematically searched through manual and electronic searches. We searched databases including; Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. The Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocol (PRISMA-P) guideline was followed. Heterogeneity of the primary studies was examined using the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of household food security. The prevalence was determined at a 95% confidence interval with its corresponding odds at a p value of less than 0.05. A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of household food security was 22.33% (95% CI: 16.60%-28.06%). Households in an urban setting had a lower (19.28%) food security (95% CI: 12.55%-26.01%) as compared to those in rural settings (25.27%) (95% CI: 16.60%- 28.06%). Additionally, those studies conducted post the Sustainable development goals (SDGs) had a higher (24.20%) household food security prevalence (95% CI: 11.49%-36.91%) as compared to those conducted before (21.16%) (95% CI: 14.11%-28.21%). Household food security remains a major concern in the country, particularly in the urban setting. Policymakers and the Government (national and county levels) at large should upscale and accelerate efforts to improve the household food security situation.
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    Prevalence of household food security in Kenya: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2022-05-04) Kiboi, Willy K.; Mucheru, Patrick K.; Mututho, Leah N.; Kimiywe, Judith O.; Chege, Peter M.; Negesse, Ayenew A.
    Food is both a basic need and a human right. As such, food security is a critical factor in individual and social health. This study aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of household food security in Kenya. Relevant studies were systematically searched through manual and electronic searches. We searched databases including; Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. The Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocol (PRISMA-P) guideline was followed. Heterogeneity of the primary studies was examined using the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of household food security. The prevalence was determined at a 95% confidence interval with its corresponding odds at a p value of less than 0.05. A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of household food security was 22.33% (95% CI: 16.60%-28.06%). Households in an urban setting had a lower (19.28%) food security (95% CI: 12.55%-26.01%) as compared to those in rural settings (25.27%) (95% CI: 16.60%- 28.06%). Additionally, those studies conducted post the Sustainable development goals (SDGs) had a higher (24.20%) household food security prevalence (95% CI: 11.49%-36.91%) as compared to those conducted before (21.16%) (95% CI: 14.11%-28.21%). Household food security remains a major concern in the country, particularly in the urban setting. Policymakers and the Government (national and county levels) at large should upscale and accelerate efforts to improve the household food security situation.
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    “Sitawahi Sahau Hasara Nilipata” (I Will Never Forget the Losses I Incurred): Impact of Covid-19 on Food System Actors at the Eldoret Food Market in Kenya
    (Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2022) Gichunge, C.; Jepkemoi, G.; Kidwaro, F.
    The corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health crisis that disrupted the food supply chain. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on food ven- dors at the Eldoret Food Market in Kenya. A qualitative study was conducted and data was collected using in-depth inter- views among 12 food vendors. Data was analyzed using the- matic analysis and three themes emerged: challenges faced, lessons learnt, and government interventions needed. Market food vendors are an integral part of the food system and should work at improving the quality of their food system to make it resilient.