PRODUCTION OF MINERAL NUTRIENT-RICH MULTIPURPOSE PUMPKIN LEAFY VEGETABLES USING INTEGRATED NITROGEN, MULCH AND GA3

Abstract

Understanding the effect of nitrogen, mulch and gibberellic acid on minerals and metabolites in multipurpose pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) is important since it is a dependable source of food, providing families producing it with various diets that contribute to household food and nutrition security. However, production of the pumpkin using optimal or integrated inputs has not yet been embraced in most African countries, resulting in underrealization of its maximum potential. To respond to this challenge, a split-split plot experiment arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times was conducted for two seasons from January 2019 to July 2020. The nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha) was assigned to main plots, mulch (no mulch, black-painted and unpainted rice straws) to sub-plots, and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L) to split-plots. Nitrogen was applied as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) in two equal doses for each rate at three weeks postemergence and at the beginning of flowering. The black-painted and unpainted rice straws were placed on plots after land preparation. The GA3 solution was sprayed to plants using a 1-L sprayer, starting with 40 mg/L, followed by 80 mg/L, once during the fourth week post-emergence. Data collection was done fortnightly from the fourth week after emergence up to fruit harvest stage. Data values were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software version 9.3 and means separated using the least significant difference test at α=0.05. All the measured parameters were significantly (P<0.05) different. Highest levels of K and Mg were obtained for 100 kg N/ha. On the other hand, P and beta-carotene were highest where unpainted rice straws were used, while application of 80 mg/L GA3 yielded high amounts of P and K. Results further showed that combined N fertilizer, mulch and GA3 consistently had significant (P<0.05) effects on N, P, K, Mg and beta-carotene (highest 23 ppm was for N1M1GA1). Therefore, sole nitrogen fertilizer, mulch, GA3, and combined rates that promote the desired mineral nutrient and beta-carotene contents in multi-purpose pumpkin leaves should be adopted and applied, depending on the kind.