Department of Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.chuka.ac.ke/handle/chuka/626

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Effect of police service culture on work- life balance among female police officers in central region Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Kamau Joyce Wangari
The Culture within Police service tends to reflect male dominance, with qualities such as strength, authority, and power being highly valued. This is largely due to the nature of police work, which demands officers handle multiple tasks to meet societal needs. The complex roles officers must take on often lead to an imbalance between their professional duties and personal lives, making it difficult to maintain a proper balance. Achieving a work-life balance involves keeping personal and professional responsibilities separate, without one negatively impacting the other. In many cases, the culture of the police service tends to prioritize work over personal life, particularly for female officers. The emphasis on traits such as bravery, perfectionism, and professional success often drives officers to overlook their personal well-being. Work-life balance ideally refers to an individual’s ability to manage both their work and other significant aspects of life equally. This study aimed to explore the work-life balance within the police service culture, specifically focusing on female officers in the Central Region of Kenya. The study's objectives included examining how masculine mindsets, warriorlike culture, organizational norms, and gender discrimination affect the work-life balance of female police officers in this Region.The target population for this study was divided into four groups: Superintendents, Inspectors, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Constables. A descriptive survey research design was utilized, with a total population of 163 individuals, including 158 female police officers from five police stations and five certified therapists from the National Police Service. All female officers from the selected stations were interviewed. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires with a rating scale and interview guides for therapists. To ensure reliability, the testretest method was applied, while data validation was conducted through feedback from supervisors at Chuka University and other experts. A pilot study took place in Embu County, Eastern Region. The qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics through Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The Research findings of the study were further analyzed using and presented descriptively for quantitative data analysis. The Research findings concludes that Masculine psyche, warrior Culture, Organizational culture and Gender discrimination affect work-life balance among Female Police Officers in the Central Region of Kenya. The study recommends inclusion of female values and culture in the police force. The outcome of the study would be useful to Government of Kenya, National Police Service, Kenya Police Service and Administration Police Service in addressing the Police Service Culture to accommodate Female Values from the on start of Recruitment and training.
Community conflicts affecting youth criminality in Laikipia county, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Alividza Atsiavulla Lavender
Contemporary rural communities struggle with many conflicts, including political battles, racial tensions, gang activities, and resource disputes. These conflicts often significantly impact youths’ behaviours and choices, potentially pushing them towards criminal activities. This research aimed to investigate the multifaceted interplay between community conflicts and youth criminality, and focused on Laikipia County of Kenya which has been experiencing recurrent community conflicts for decades. The study objectives were to; determine the resource conflicts affecting youth criminality, establish cultural conflicts affecting youth criminality and examine ideological conflicts affecting youth criminality. The target population for the study was 1324 convicted youths in Laikipia County. The sample size for the study was 302 convicted youths serving custodial and non-custodial sentences. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. The study utilized stratified random sampling for the convicted youths in Laikipia County and purposive sampling for the key informants who included 6 probation officers and 6 prison officers in Laikipia County, purposively selected to ensure a comprehensive understanding of youth criminality. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, which combined quantitative analysis of crime data with qualitative data gathered through questionnaires and interviews. Data gathered was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 25.0 and results presented in frequencies and percentages. The results from the analysis indicated that resource conflicts affected youth criminality in Laikipia County. Similar findings were established regarding cultural and ideological conflicts affecting youth criminality within the county. The study recommended that the various stakeholders should strive to understand the dynamics of youth criminality in the conflict regions to promote positive youth development in Laikipia County and other regions facing similar challenges. The findings of this study are useful in contributing to a deeper comprehension of how community conflicts shaped the lives of youths and provides actionable insights for stakeholders, including interior security personnel, community leaders, policymakers, non-governmental organizations and youth support organizations.
Business journalism in Kenyan newspapers: the practice and its influence on economic decisions
(Chuka University, 2024) Obuya Simeon Mabea
Business journalism has evolved into a complex field characterized by specialization and digitization. Among these new realities are the use of multimedia, reliance on data and statistics, and the application of artificial intelligence in reporting. Following a literature review, the researcher found that existing studies on business journalism were predominantly of European criticisms and largely focused on the practitioners’ shortcomings in analytical reporting, informing the public, and providing warnings of impending dangers. There was little research available in the scholarly literature on Kenya's business journalism landscape. This research sought to address this gap by analyzing the practice of business journalism in Kenyan newspapers and its influence on the economic decisions of individuals and organizations. Specifically, the study examined the nature of business journalism in Kenyan newspapers, emerging trends characteristic of business journalism in Kenyan newspapers, and the influence of business journalism in Kenyan newspapers on economic decisions. The study was framed by agenda-setting theory. A mixed methods design was adopted, with two sets of stratified samples from a population encompassing: newspaper issues from Kenya's leading newspapers (the Business Daily, the Daily Nation, and The Standard), and research participants which included business journalists from the three newspapers and middle-level staff members from the Kenya Association of Manufacturers and the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Document analysis and questionnaires were used to collect data from newspapers and participants. The researcher used reflexive thematic content analysis and descriptive statistics to interpret data. The research findings revealed that business journalism in Kenyan newspapers was characterized by a commitment to detailed and factual reporting, often relying on authoritative sources such as the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank data to enhance credibility. Despite resource constraints and competition, the newspapers maintained high standards of news sourcing and clarity, utilizing simplified language and visual aids to make complex economic topics understandable. The study identified several emerging trends such as digital integration, data-driven journalism, and AI adoption, that were reshaping the landscape of business journalism in Kenya. These trends necessitated journalists to be equipped with digital skills and multimedia storytelling for their effectiveness. Furthermore, the research underscored how comprehensive coverage of market trends, policy changes, and corporate developments informed and influenced public opinion and consumer behaviour. These findings reinforced the agendasetting theory, highlighting the media's power in setting the agenda for public discourse and policy-making, thereby underscoring the critical role of business journalism in Kenya's economic landscape. These findings could benefit journalists, financial news audiences, students, and other stakeholders locally and globally.
Audience perceptions of gender stereotypes in selected commercial advertisements on citizen television, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Okemwa Kemunto Sabina
Television advertising incorporates visual and auditory mediums, making it a powerful tool for constructing, disseminating, and endorsing dominant ideologies that shape the collective consciousness of society. Advertising addresses various subjects but has faced criticism for perpetuating gender stereotypes through texts and images that reinforce traditional roles. This study aimed to explore gender roles, analyze gender representation, and examine the diversity of gender stereotypes in selected TV commercial advertisements in Kenya. The research employed random sampling to select respondents from a study population of 2.2 million individuals, ultimately comprising a sample of 384 participants. Data was collected from Citizen TV advertisements aired between May 1 and May 31, 2024. Guided by feminist theory, the study utilized both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Structured questionnaires were distributed to individuals in shops, offices, and educational institutions within the Nairobi Central Business District. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data, which was evaluated based on the research objectives. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28 and presented through various statistical measures, including mean, mode, and frequencies, alongside visual representations such as charts, tables, and graphs. The study found that both men and women appeared with similar frequency in TV advertisements; however, many respondents perceived women as being more prominently featured than men. This finding highlights a significant gap in awareness and recognition of gender stereotyping in the media. Respondents indicated that traditional gender roles persist, with women predominantly associated with domestic responsibilities and men depicted as authorities and professionals. Additionally, the research revealed that advertisements largely associate women with caregiving roles, further demonstrating the limitations placed on women's portrayals. Regarding voiceovers, the study indicated that men were often perceived as dominating this aspect of advertising, underscoring the imbalance in gender representation. The findings are expected to be beneficial for media practitioners seeking to counter the notion of gender stereotyping. Moreover, government policymakers may find the insights from this research resourceful in formulating effective policies. The study advocates for further research focusing on encouraging gender-balanced casting and storytelling in TV commercials and developing industry guidelines to prioritize non-stereotypical portrayals. These measures can contribute to reducing gender stereotypes and fostering equitable media representation in Kenya.
Contribution of community-based policing in crime management along the Tharaka-Tigania border, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2024) Mitugo Silas Kariuki
Community-based policing has been used in an attempt to reduce crime, but crime rates have remained elevated, especially along Tharaka and Tigania border in Kenya. There have been sporadic outbreaks of violence against residents living close to this border, including organized terror groups, violent robberies, kidnappings, poaching, cattle theft, and killings. Research was needed to determine how community-based policing affected crime management along the Tharaka-Tigania Border in Kenya. The study's goal was to determine how neighborhood watch programs, team policing, police-community collaborations, and police-community communication about crime management strategies along the Tharaka-Tigania border in Kenya contribute crime management. Four objectives guided the study; To examine the contribution of police-community partnership, to assess the contribution of police-community communication, to determine the contribution of team-policing and to examine the contribution of neighborhood watch groups in crime management along the TharakaTigania border in Kenya. This study was underpinned by the normative sponsorship theory, which argues that community planning and problem-solving should not be the exclusive domain of law enforcement. The focus of the study was on those involved in security issues in Tharaka and Tigania border in Kenya including police personnel, chiefs, and community leaders. Using simple random sampling and proportionate sampling, this study recruited a sample of 398 community members and 8 police officers who fit the study's target population. Two chiefs were chosen from the study area using simple random sampling. To gather information for this study, questionnaires were distributed to community members and chiefs and police officers were interviewed. 39 research instruments were pilot tested in Isiolo-Samburu border in Kenya. Reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha where the instruments were found to be reliable for the study. Descriptive statistics such as mean, mode and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as chi square were used to analyse data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0. Hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. According to the study findings, there was a statistically significant and positive association between each of the four independent components and crime management. The finding suggests that security professionals and the general public along the Tharaka-Tigania border in Kenya may consider collaboration between the people and police officers. This encourages positive working connections between the police and the local administration. There was need to ensure community and law enforcement agencies are working together to combat criminal behavior. The findings of this study are expected to be helpful; the ministry of interior security policy makers in formulating measures intended to address the problem posed by crime in Kenya. The study may help the ministry of interior and coordination of the national government to allocate resources for crime reduction strategies in Tharaka -Tigania border. The findings may assist the law enforcement agencies to develop the crime prevention tactics such as creating policies, working together on patrols and organizing vigilante groups. Additionally, the study is expected to act as a platform for additional criminology research, particularly in the field of community policing. Lastly this study also could assist county government in evaluating their community policing initiatives and enhancing their capacity to assist the citizens under their control and community members living at peace within their neighborhoods
Correlates of quality training of private security Guards and crime prevention in Nairobi county, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2025) Koros, Malit Hillary
Crime rates in Kenya, particularly in Nairobi, have been steadily increasing, surpassing those in other cities in the world. To combat this, private security personnel have been hired to safeguard both private and public areas. Despite this, crime continues to rise in Nairobi County. While the National Police Service ensures rigorous training for all officers at the Kenya Police Training College, private security agencies do not own well-equipped training schools with facilities such as classrooms for theory lessons and fields for practical and physical training. Thus, training varies by company, leading to inconsistent quality. The impact of these training variations on crime prevention remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how quality of training relates with crime prevention among private security providers in Nairobi County. The study objectives were to; assess the relationship between quality of training programs, the quality of training content and quality of content delivery strategies of private security guards and crime prevention in Nairobi County in Kenya. Human Capital and Routine Activity Theories guided the study. The target population were 2,817 security officers and instructors from 55 licensed private security firms in Nairobi County, along with employees from regulatory bodies and associations. A sample of 350 respondents were surveyed, including 283 security officers, 55 instructors, and 12 key informants who were employees from the Private Security Regulatory Authority (PSRA), Private Security Industry Association (PSIA), and Kenya Security Industry Association (KSIA). Instructors and regulatory body and associations employees were purposively selected, while security officers were chosen through simple random sampling. The study utilized both descriptive and correlational research designs, integrating quantitative analysis of crime data with qualitative insights gathered from questionnaires and interviews. Data collected for the study was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0, and the results were presented in terms of frequencies, percentages, and correlations. The analysis revealed that the quality of training programs has no significant relationship with crime prevention in Nairobi County, a finding that also applied to training content and delivery strategies. The study recommends that various stakeholders, including policymakers and decision-makers, develop effective strategies for enhancing crime prevention through improved guard training, while also addressing underlying social and environmental factors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how guard training impacts crime prevention and offer actionable insights for key stakeholders, including the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government, the Private Security Regulatory Authority (PSRA), the Private Security Industry Association (PSIA), and the Kenya Security Industry Association (KSIA).
Parental practices as determinants of teenage pregnancy among secondary school girls in Igembe central, Meru county, Kenya
(Chuka University, 2025-10) Karwamba, Agnes Ncabani
Teenage pregnancy remains a critical public and social issue with consequences on the education and wellbeing of teenage girls, families and communities. In Igembe Central, Meru County, teenage pregnancy rates have been rising, raising concerns about the role of parental involvement in adolescent reproductive health. While numerous studies have identified parental practices such as lack of supervision, inadequate emotional support and limited communication as a significant factor contributing to teenage pregnancy it is not clear how specific aspects of parental practices have contributed to teenage pregnancy among girls in Igembe central sub county, Meru. This study sought to establish how parental practices act as determinants of pregnancy among teenage girls in secondary schools by exploring aspects of parental practices such as parental emotional distress, parental conflict, parent teenager communication and parental monitoring. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population was 4201. This comprised of 4129 girls aged 13-19 years, 18 counselor teachers and 54 Form two to four parent representative from the secondary schools in the study area. Simple random sampling was used to select 2 schools from the 17 mixed day secondary schools while the only girls boarding secondary was purposively selected. A sample size of 312 respondents, comprising of 300 girls, 3 teacher counselors and 9 parent representatives was selected to participate in the study. Instruments for data collection comprised questionnaires, focus group discussion and interview schedules. The study instrument was piloted on a small sample of 30 respondents drawn from Igembe North Sub County sharing similar social economic characteristics. A pilot study was conducted to test reliability of the instruments. The study determined that the instruments were reliable as an average of 0.7 cronbach coefficient was attained. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. Qualitative data collected was analyzed thematically. The findings were presented using frequency distribution tables, bar graphs and pie charts to facilitate interpretation. The findings established parental conflict, parental teenage communication and parental monitoring acted as determinants of teenage pregnancy among secondary school girls in Igembe central Sub County, Meru County, Kenya. The results therefore concluded that although many students report adequate parental support, a considerable proportion experience emotional gaps at home that may predispose them to early romantic involvement and pregnancy. Addressing these issues through enhanced parent-child communication, emotional support programs, and community counseling can be instrumental in reducing teenage pregnancy in Igembe Central. The study recommended that parents and teachers should become more actively involved in their teenage daughters' lives by knowing their friends, whereabouts, and daily routines.
DJMC 0121: SCRIPT WRITING
(chuka university, 2024-04-09) chuka university
DJMC 0114: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC MEDIA
(chuka university, 2024-04-09) chuka university
BOTA 131: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
(Chuka University, 2023-12-19) Chuka University
BMET 230: MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
(Chuka University, 2023-12-19) Chuka University
SOCI 445: SOCIOLOGY OF MASS COMMUNICATION
(Chuka University, 2023-12-20) Chuka University
ECON 415: ECONOMICS OF INDUSTRY
(Chuka University, 2024-12-15) Chuka University
ECON 100/BPLM 101: INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
(Chuka University, 2024-12-20) Chuka University
CRSS 330: CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL
(Chuka University, 2024-12-15) Chuka University
CDEV 436: FAMILY LAWS AND POLICIES
(Chuka University, 2024-12-19) Chuka University
ENSC 812: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka University
ENSC 450: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka University
ENSC 405/359: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka University
ENSC 342: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND MANAGEMENT
(Chuka University, 2024-12-16) Chuka University

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