| dc.description.abstract | Titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) has gained much attention due to its application in technologies such as optoelectronics, electronics,
sensors, photocatalysts, and sustainable energy generation. However, its optical absorption falls in the ultraviolet part of the
electromagnetic spectrum, resulting in a low absorption ratio of solar light. In addition, rapid electron-hole recombination limits
its photocatalytic activity. To extend the application range of TiO2, the structural and chemical properties can be modified by
adding various dopants to tune its electronic structure for applications within a wider range of the solar energy spectrum and
ideally extend towards the visible region, which forms the dominant part of the solar energy spectrum. In this study, the structural
and electronic properties of three polymorphs of TiO2 have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in
the Quantum ESPRESSO simulation package. )e exchange-correlation potential has been treated with the generalised gradient
approximation (GGA). Cationic substitution with non-toxic alkaline earth metal dopants Mg and Ca has been carried out with the
aim of modifying the electronic structure of the polymorphs of TiO2. On 1–4% Mg and Ca cationic substitution, there is a slight
expansion of the optimal unit cell volume and modulation of the band gap energy by raising the valence band maximum to higher
energies. In addition, dopant inter and intra-band states are observed. | en_US |
